Amino Acids in Human Epileptogenic Foci

Perry, Thomas L.; Hansen, Shirley; Kennedy, Janet; Wada, Juhn A.; Thompson, Gordon

doi:10.1001/archneur.1975.00490530074007

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The MTLE group can be considered a second control group, and its biopsies received the same manipulation as did the ESAE and ESWAE groups. In addition, from the MTLE group, we obtained reduced values for GABA A ‐receptor levels, GABA tissue content, and cell count, as well as no changes of BZD‐receptor binding in the PHC, which are concordant with published studies (3–7,15,16,18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is reasonable to speculate that antiepileptic effects could be induced if sufficient GABA is present during the subacute electrical stimulation in patients with less severe epilepsy. A direct correlation between GABA tissue levels and the severity of epilepsy could account for the apparent discrepancies found in the literature about the GABA tissue content in the lateral temporal cortex of patients with MTLE (7,13–17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The lateral temporal cortex of these patients, an area proposed to play an important role in seizure expression and propagation, demonstrates an increase and a decrease of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively (10–12). Some evidence indicates that lateral temporal cortex of patients with MTLE has reduced GABA A ‐receptor binding and GABA tissue content (3,7,13–15), whereas other studies pointed out enhanced GABA levels (16,17). BZD‐receptor levels in the lateral temporal epileptic cortex have been described to be enhanced or without changes (3,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of GABA System and Cell Damage in Parahippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Showing Antiepileptic Effects after Subacute Electrical Stimulation

Cuéllar-Herrera¹,

Velasco²,

Velasco³

et al. 2004

Epilepsia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Purpose:The γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and neuronal loss were evaluated in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) of patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who received subacute electrical stimulation and showed antiepileptic effects.Methods: GABA tissue content, GABA A and benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor levels, as well as neuronal density were determined in PHC of five patients (ESAE group) with an MTLE history of 14.8 ± 2.5 years and seizure frequency of 11 ± 2.9 per month, two (40%) of them with mesial sclerosis. This group demonstrated antiepileptic effects after subacute electrical stimulation (130 Hz, 450 µs, 200-400 µA), applied continuously during 16 to 20 days in PHC. Values were compared with those obtained from patients with severe MTLE (history of 21.7 ± 2.8 years and seizure frequency of 28.2 ± 14 per month) in whom electrical stimulation did not induce antiepileptic effects (ESWAE group, n = 4), patients with MTLE in whom no electrical stimulation was applied (MTLE group, n = 4), and autopsy material acquired from subjects without epilepsy (n = 4 obtained from three subjects).Results: The ESAE group demonstrated high GABA tissue levels (219%), as well as a significantly higher cell count (58.5%) when compared with the MTLE group. The ESWAE group showed enhanced BZD-receptor levels (38%), whereas their values for GABA tissue levels and GABA A receptor were similar to those obtained from the MTLE group.Conclusions: It is suggested that subacute electrical stimulation of PHC is more effective in patients with less severe epilepsy, an effect associated with a high GABA tissue content and a low rate of cell loss.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of GABA System and Cell Damage in Parahippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Showing Antiepileptic Effects after Subacute Electrical Stimulation

Cuéllar-Herrera¹,

Velasco²,

Velasco³

et al. 2004

Epilepsia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our current study, all the patients with OLE had occipital ictal focal onset, and 13 patients in the IGE group had active photoparoxysmal response on EEG at the time of imaging. Pathologic estimates of GABA concentration, although they are interpreted with caution, have not reported low levels of GABA in epileptic neocortex (24,25,54). We also did not find variation of GABA+ concentration with any AED therapy; however, the numbers taking each medication were small.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Metabolites in the Occipital Lobes in Epilepsy

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:Purpose: ␥-Amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively the principal inhibitory and excitatory neurochemicals in the brain, are visible to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We report a study of GABA+ (GABA plus homocarnosine) and GLX (glutamate plus glutamine) concentrations in the occipital lobes in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) and in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE).Methods: Fifteen patients with IGE, 15 patients with OLE, and 15 healthy volunteers were studied. A single voxel was prescribed in the occipital lobes for each subject. PRESS localised short-echo-time MRS was performed to measure GLX by using LCModel. A double quantum GABA filter was used to measure GABA+. Segmented T 1 -weighted images gave the tissue composition of the prescribed voxel.Results: Grey-matter proportion, GLX, and GABA+ were all elevated in IGE. However, analysis using grey-matter proportion as a covariable showed no significant group differences. No correlation was observed between GABA+ concentration and either seizure frequency or time since last seizure.Conclusions: GLX and GABA+ were elevated in IGE. Elevated grey-matter content in the IGE group despite normal MRI appearance can be expected to account for some or all of this observed elevation of GLX and GABA+. GABA+ concentration did not correlate with seizure control or duration since most recent seizure.

show abstract

“…, 1972;Ciesielski et al, 1981;Perry et al, 1975;Allen et al, 1986), genetic pathologies (Ribak et al, 1988), and others. Our results indicate that aging is an important period of change in amino acid levels, and it is relevant to study changes in small well-defined structures since changes may be in different directions in different brain areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes with aging in the levels of amino acids in rat CNS structural elements: IV. Methionine and basic amino acids

Banay‐Schwartz

Lajtha

Palkovits

1990

J of Neuroscience Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports the distribution of methionine, histidine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine in 53 discrete brain areas of 3-and 29-month-old male Fischer 344 rats microdissected by the punch technique. Like that of the other amino acids we reported in previous papers of this series, the distribution of methionine and the basic amino acids was regionally highly heterogeneous. The ratios of levels in the areas of highest concentrations to levels in the areas of lowest concentration varied from 10 to 15 for these amino acids, except that it was 23 for arginine. This heterogeneity is also illustrated by the finding that in some areas arginine was more than 5 % of the total amino acid content and in others was less than 0.5%.The distribution of methionine differed from that of the basic amino acids, which were high in hypothalamic areas and low in the limbic system.With aging, methionine and basic amino acids, like the other amino acids studied in this series, mainly decreased in level, although in a few cases increases could be seen. Significant decreases were noted more than five times as often as increases.

show abstract

Amino Acids in Human Epileptogenic Foci

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of GABA System and Cell Damage in Parahippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Showing Antiepileptic Effects after Subacute Electrical Stimulation

Evaluation of GABA System and Cell Damage in Parahippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Showing Antiepileptic Effects after Subacute Electrical Stimulation

A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Metabolites in the Occipital Lobes in Epilepsy

Changes with aging in the levels of amino acids in rat CNS structural elements: IV. Methionine and basic amino acids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About