Amino Acids in Health and Endocrine Function

Flynn, Nick; Shaw, Max H; Becker, Jace T

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_6

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…It is well-known that, beyond their role as building blocks for protein synthesis, AAs are involved in several other cellular functions, acting as both metabolic intermediates and fuel for biosynthetic reactions, redox homeostasis, epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] ]. Therefore, balanced supply and proper management of AA metabolism are crucial for cell function and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition

Ragni

Ruocco

Tedesco

et al. 2022

Molecular Metabolism

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition

Ragni

Ruocco

Tedesco

et al. 2022

Molecular Metabolism

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“…In this context, cellular ATP production is improved, likely activating mTOR-dependent anabolic pathways that promote protein synthesis. This increased nutrient supply also enhances lipolysis and glucose management, thus preventing muscle fat infiltration [ 51 , 52 ]. In addition, CK levels are significantly decreased in sarcopenia with respect to non-sarcopenic individuals [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-Arginine and Beetroot Extract Supplementation in the Prevention of Sarcopenia

et al. 2022

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Aging is associated with a significant decline in neuromuscular function, leading to a reduction in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nitric oxide precursors (l-arginine and beetroot extract) in muscular function during a training period of 6 weeks in elderly men and women. The study (double-blind, placebo-controlled) involved 66 subjects randomly divided into three groups: placebo, arginine-supplemented and beetroot extract-supplemented. At the end of this period, no changes in anthropometric parameters were observed. Regarding other circulating parameters, urea levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women of the beetroot-supplemented group (31.6 ± 5.9 mg/dL) compared to placebo (41.3 ± 8.5 mg/dL) after 6 weeks of training. In addition, the circulating creatine kinase activity, as an index of muscle functionality, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in women of the arginine- (214.1 ± 162.2 mIU/L) compared to the beetroot-supplemented group (84.4 ± 36.8 mIU/L) at the end of intervention. No significant effects were noticed with l-arginine or beetroot extract supplementation regarding strength, endurance and SPPB index. Only beetroot extract supplementation improved physical fitness significantly (p < 0.05) in the sprint exercise in men after 6 weeks (2.33 ± 0.59 s) compared to the baseline (2.72 ± 0.41 s). In conclusion, beetroot seems to be more efficient during short-term training while supplementing, preserving muscle functionality in women (decreased levels of circulating creatine kinase) and with modest effects in men.

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“…In terms of bioactivities, peptides with D-aa can exert neuroexcitatory [14,15] and cardioexcitatory roles [16], but also opioid [17] and anti-hypertensive [18] activity, endocrine function [19], and AM roles [20]. Peptides with D-aa have been proposed for cancer therapy [21] as adhesive biomaterials [22], vaccine adjuvants [23], and as inhibitors of pathological amyloid fibrillization [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: D-amino Acids (D-aa) In Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Conjugates of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with d-Amino Acids (d-aa): State of the Art and Future Opportunities

et al. 2022

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In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have enjoyed a renaissance, as the world is currently facing an emergency in terms of severe infections that evade antibiotics’ treatment. This is due to the increasing emergence and spread of resistance mechanisms. Covalent conjugation with polymers is an interesting strategy to modulate the pharmacokinetic profile of AMPs and enhance their biocompatibility profile. It can also be an effective approach to develop active coatings for medical implants and devices, and to avoid biofilm formation on their surface. In this concise review, we focus on the last 5 years’ progress in this area, pertaining in particular to AMPs that contain d-amino acids, as well as their role, and the advantages that may arise from their introduction into AMPs.

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Amino Acids in Health and Endocrine Function

Cited by 15 publications

References 104 publications

An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition

An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition

l-Arginine and Beetroot Extract Supplementation in the Prevention of Sarcopenia

Polymer Conjugates of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with d-Amino Acids (d-aa): State of the Art and Future Opportunities

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