Amino acids and the regulation of oxidative stress and immune function in dairy cattle

Coleman, Dennis D.; Lopreiato, Vincenzo; Alharthi, Abdulrahman S.; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.1093/jas/skaa138

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…The greater concentration of serine also indicated the potential for greater metabolic activity through the transsulfuration pathway in MET calves, an idea supported by the greater concentration of a number of metabolites including cystathionine and taurine. The former is the product of the CBS reaction using homocysteine and serine, which is considered rate-limiting in the transsulfuration pathway [ 9 ]. Thus, despite the lower CBS activity, based on the greater concentrations of a number of intermediate metabolites (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma was used to analyze the concentrations of a number of biomarkers associated with energy metabolism (e.g. NEFA, BHBA), immune function, liver function, and oxidant status according to protocols described in a number of publications from our group [ 9 , 10 , 30 , 31 ]. In addition, plasma was used to profile concentrations of free AA and indicators of skeletal muscle protein turnover [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to being a substrate for protein synthesis, Met is a key component of one-carbon metabolism [ 6 ] where it is initially converted into S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major biological methyl donor [ 7 ] and where it is involved, through the transsulfuration pathway, in the synthesis of antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and taurine [ 8 , 9 ]. Physiologically, animals not only obtain Met from the diet, but also from protein breakdown and re-methylation of homocysteine in the Met cycle [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since nutritional management of modern dairy cows entails dietary manipulation of energy density and nutrients such as essential AA during the last stages of gestation (~ 4–6 weeks prepartum) [ 9 ], a deeper investigation of the biological outcomes on the neonatal calf is warranted. Particularly considering possible contributions of maternal nutrition to the calf’s immune and sanitary challenges during their first weeks of life [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows

et al. 2021

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Background Methionine (Met) supply during late-pregnancy enhances fetal development in utero and leads to greater rates of growth during the neonatal period. Due to its central role in coordinating nutrient and one-carbon metabolism along with immune responses of the newborn, the liver could be a key target of the programming effects induced by dietary methyl donors such as Met. To address this hypothesis, liver biopsies from 4-day old calves (n = 6/group) born to Holstein cows fed a control or the control plus ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met for the last 28 days prepartum were used for DNA methylation, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and one-carbon metabolism enzyme activities. Results Although greater withers and hip height at birth in Met calves indicated better development in utero, there were no differences in plasma systemic physiological indicators. RNA-seq along with bioinformatics and transcription factor regulator analyses revealed broad alterations in ‘Glucose metabolism’, ‘Lipid metabolism, ‘Glutathione’, and ‘Immune System’ metabolism due to enhanced maternal Met supply. Greater insulin sensitivity assessed via proteomics, and efficiency of transsulfuration pathway activity suggested beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and metabolic-related stress. Maternal Met supply contributed to greater phosphatidylcholine synthesis in calf liver, with a role in very low density lipoprotein secretion as a mechanism to balance metabolic fates of fatty acids arising from the diet or adipose-depot lipolysis. Despite a lack of effect on hepatic amino acid (AA) transport, a reduction in metabolism of essential AA within the liver indicated an AA ‘sparing effect’ induced by maternal Met. Conclusions Despite greater global DNA methylation, maternal Met supply resulted in distinct alterations of hepatic transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiles after birth. Data underscored an effect on maintenance of calf hepatic Met homeostasis, glutathione, phosphatidylcholine and taurine synthesis along with greater efficiency of nutrient metabolism and immune responses. Transcription regulators such as FOXO1, PPARG, E2F1, and CREB1 appeared central in the coordination of effects induced by maternal Met. Overall, maternal Met supply induced better immunometabolic status of the newborn liver, conferring the calf a physiologic advantage during a period of metabolic stress and suboptimal immunocompetence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows

et al. 2021

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“…It has been rather well described in the literature that these responses are mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [15]. Additionally, evidence in the dairy cow indicates that oxidative stress also occurs during this period and is driven by the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and the neutralizing capacity of antioxidant mechanisms in tissues and blood [21]. The extent and duration of the inflammatory process will determine whether or not the condition is ending up as a clinical disease.…”

Section: Relationship Between Litter Size and The Duration Of Farrowimentioning

confidence: 99%

Troubled Process of Parturition of the Domestic Pig

Oliviero

Peltoniemi²

2021

Animal Reproduction in Veterinary Medicine

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Over the past three decades, efficient breeding and management have almost doubled the litter size of sows. Simultaneously, duration of farrowing has increased markedly. The expulsion phase of parturition in the hyper prolific sow is now 3 to 5 times longer than it was in the early 1990s. There has also been a constant downward trend in piglet birth weight, along with a similar trend in colostrum intake, which is an important risk factor for piglet mortality. Together with these trends, an increase in farrowing complications, such as postpartum dysgalactia and retention of placenta, has been reported. This paper investigates group housing of sows during gestation, farrowing and lactation, focusing on management strategies of the sow. In short, the sow needs to be given space and enrichment materials for adequate expression of nest-building behavior. Maternal characteristics may be utilized to improve the success rate of reproductive management during farrowing and early lactation. The lower piglet birth weight and compromised immunity of newborn piglets warrant investigation in the search for novel management tools. Robust breeds with somewhat lower litter size, but improved resilience and increased birth weight may be needed in the near future.

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One Health challenges for pig reproduction

Peltoniemi

Tanskanen

Kareskoski

2023

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The current state of the world challenges pig reproduction as an important part of One Health, which involves interrelationships between animal, human and environmental health. The One Health concept underlines a comparative aspect in reproductive physiology and disease occurrence, bridging knowledge from one species to another. Seasonal changes in the environment affect pig reproduction and climate change may further strengthen those effects. Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and specifically phthalates and heavy metals, interfere with endocrine function, and thereby sexual behavior, fertilization capacity and steroidogenesis. Reproductive infections and extended semen storage are important indications for antimicrobial use. Innovative solutions are needed to explore alternatives to antimicrobials. Efforts to ensure reproductive efficiency have prolonged farrowing as litter size has doubled over the past three decades, compromising immune transfer and welfare. Physiological, metabolic and programming related events around parturition are key areas for future One Health research in pig reproduction. In conclusion, climate change challenges reproductive management and breeding. More resilient pigs that can tolerate harsh environment but maintain high reproductive performance are needed. EDCs continue to grow as an environmental challenge for reproductive management and alternatives to antibiotics will be required.

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Amino acids and the regulation of oxidative stress and immune function in dairy cattle

Cited by 59 publications

References 170 publications

Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows

Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows

Troubled Process of Parturition of the Domestic Pig

One Health challenges for pig reproduction

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