Amino Acid Supplementation Increases Lean Body Mass, Basal Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Expression in Older Women

Dillon, E. Lichar; Sheffield‐Moore, Melinda; Paddon‐Jones, Douglas; Gilkison, Charles R.; Sanford, Arthur P.; Casperson, Shanon; Jiang, Jie; Chinkes, David L.; Urban, Randall J.

doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1564

Cited by 247 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indirect, because EAAs boost protein formation by inducing protein production, and also increase the biological activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) [33]. The documented evidence that a three-month supplementation of 7.5 g/day of EAAs in older women increases base IGF-I expression [34] supports this hypothesis.…”

Section: A) Eaas and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients with severe COPD: a step towards home rehabilitation

Negro

Testa

Aquilani

et al. 2015

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Background. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (“Rehabilitation”) can improve both lung function and quality of life in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) even if only a very small proportion of patients have access to Rehabilitation. Supplementation of Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) might allow COPD patients to achieve some typical Rehabilitation outcomes such as a better physical performance and an improved health status. Methods. 88 COPD out-patients (GOLD class 3-4) with a body mass index (BMI) <23 Kg/m2 were randomised to receive EAAs (n=44) or placebo (n=44) for twelve weeks. Primary outcome measures were changes in both physical activities in daily life (measured by Sense Wear Armband in terms of mean steps walked in one week) and in quality of life (measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ). Results. After 12 weeks, the physical performance was significantly increased vs baseline only in patients who received EAAs (1140.33 ± 524.69 and 638.68 ± 662.1 steps/day, respectively; p=0.02), being also the comparison vs the placebo group highly significant (p=0.003). Similarly, the SGRQ score improved significantly only in EAA patients (69.35 ± 9.51 vs baseline 72.04 ± 8.62; p<0.01), and changes were significantly different from those measured in the placebo group (p<0.001). Furthermore, when compared to those who received placebo, EAAs patients significantly increased their fat-free mass (p=0.04), muscle strength (p<0.01), saturation of oxygen (p=0.05), serum albumin (p<0.001), and also ameliorated their original cognitive dysfunction (p=0.02). Conclusions. Oral supplementation with EAAs contribute to improve the daily-life performance in domiciliary severe COPD patients who can not enter any Rehabilitation programme, together with their quality of life; nutritional and cognitive status, and muscle strength.

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Section: A) Eaas and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients with severe COPD: a step towards home rehabilitation

Negro

Testa

Aquilani

et al. 2015

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…However, in older subjects subjected to a 10 d bed rest, an increase in the daily protein intake from 0·8 to 1·5 g/kg per d had no effect on muscle mass loss, but muscle strength was preserved (207) . In another study, EAA supplementation was conducted in healthy elderly subjected to bed rest (45 g EAA daily between meals that provided the RDA for protein; 0·8 g/kg per d).…”

Section: Nutritional Intervention To Improve Muscle Mass Recoverymentioning

confidence: 89%

Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery

Magne¹,

Savary-Auzeloux²,

Rémond³

et al. 2013

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Periods of immobilisation are often associated with pathologies and/or ageing. These periods of muscle disuse induce muscle atrophy which could worsen the pathology or elderly frailty. If muscle mass loss has positive effects in the short term, a sustained/uncontrolled muscle mass loss is deleterious for health. Muscle mass recovery following immobilisation-induced atrophy could be critical, particularly when it is uncompleted as observed during ageing. Exercise, the best way to recover muscle mass, is not always applicable. So, other approaches such as nutritional strategies are needed to limit muscle wasting and to improve muscle mass recovery in such situations. The present review discusses mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy following disuse and during recovery and emphasises the effect of age in these mechanisms. In addition, the efficiency of nutritional strategies proposed to limit muscle mass loss during disuse and to improve protein gain during recovery (leucine supplementation, whey proteins, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, energy intake) is also discussed.

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“…Our discussion focuses on the effects of the intervention as exploring pre-sarcopenia was the initial aim of this investigation. Many researchers performed investigations that focused on exercise and nutritional intake to control the decline of muscle mass and strength in patients with sarcopenia (Campbell, Crim, Dallal, Young, & Evans, 1994;Arnal et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2012;Rondanelli et al, 2016), but the results of these studies have not always been consistent (Kerstetter et al, 2005;Dillon et al, 2009;Paddon-Jones & Rasmussen, 2009). Our study demonstrates that the arm and leg muscle mass, hand grip strength, and walking speed did not increase with combined exercise and amino acid ingestion in both groups; however, the SMI improved only in the exercise and amino acid supplement group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elderly people must increase the anabolic stimulus and consume 30 g of protein per meal to prevent protein catabolism (Dillon et al, 2009;Paddon-Jones et al, 2009). The amino acid leucine stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis (Volpi et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

Thu

Kurose

Fukushima

et al. 2017

GJHS

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This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre-and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m 2 ) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 0.48 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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Amino Acid Supplementation Increases Lean Body Mass, Basal Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Expression in Older Women

Abstract: EAA improved LBM and basal muscle protein synthesis in older individuals. The acute anabolic response to EAA supplementation is maintained over time and can improve LBM, possibly offsetting the debilitating effects of sarcopenia.

Cited by 247 publications

References 35 publications

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients with severe COPD: a step towards home rehabilitation

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients with severe COPD: a step towards home rehabilitation

Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery

Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

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