Amino Acid Pools in Members of the Genus Erwinia Grown in Continuous Culture

Pulman, D.; Johnson, B.

doi:10.1099/00221287-108-2-349

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Intracellular glycine betaine accumulation during osmotic stress. During osmotic stress, the internal osmotic strength in bacteria is maintained primarily by the accumulation of amino acids (23,26) and inorganic ions (6,14). In E. coli, the accumulation of proline from the medium is stimulated in direct proportion to the external osmolarity (2), and proline transport into cell membrane vesicles is activated by exposure to media of elevated osmolarity (18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To measure the intracellular amino acid levels, we rapidly filtered samples of the culture onto membrane filters (0.45-p.m pore size; Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.). The filters were placed into 10 ml of 70% (vol/ vol) ethanol, and the cells were extracted at room temperature for 20 min with occasional gentle agitation (26). The cells were sedimented by centrifugation, the supernatant was collected, and the extraction process was repeated on the pellets three times with 70o (vol/ vol) ethanol.…”

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Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae

Rudulier¹,

Bouillard²

1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

148

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Osmoregulation was examined in members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Exogenous glycine betaine at a concentration as low as 1 mM was found to stimulate the growth rate of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in media of inhibitory osmotic strength. The stimulation was shown to be independent of any specific solutes, electrolytes, or nonelectrolytes. Therefore, the stimulatory effect of glycine betaine was a consequence of high osmotic potential. This effect was found to be far greater than the proline effect previously observed in S. typhimurium. Whereas nitrogen fixation by K. pneumoniae is completely inhibited under conditions of osmotic stress, nitrogenase activity could be partially restored by the addition of exogenous glycine betaine to the culture medium. Furthermore, glycine betaine in combination with proline, especially proline produced internally at a high level because of regulatory mutations affecting proline biosynthesis, strongly stimulated nitrogen fixation activity during osmotic stress. Glycine betaine was accumulated by the cells, and the amount taken up was correlated with the osmolarity of the medium. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms by which glycine betaine might cause enhanced osmotolerance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae

Rudulier¹,

Bouillard²

1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

148

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“…Glutamic acid is the main osmoregulatory solute in a number of bacteria (Measures 1975) and it is the major component of the amino acid pool of Erw. chrysanthemi (Pulman and Johnson 1978) and Erwinia carotovora (Tempest et al 1970). Glutamic acid concentration was osmotically regulated in the latter organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, pectate lyase production and solute accumulation by Erwinia chrysanthemi under osmotic stress: effect of osmoprotectants

Prior¹,

Hewitt²,

Brandt

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Glycine betaine strongly stimulated the growth rate of five strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi when grown in a synthetic medium at 0·986, 0·983 and 0·980 aw (NaCl) whereas in four strains, little effect was observed compared with the control. Proline, dimethyl glycine, carnitine and pipecolic acid also actedas osmoprotectants. Glutamate and trehalose, commonly accumulated by enteric bacteria in response to osmotic stress, failed to act as osmoprotectants when supplied exogenously. Glycine betaine and pipecolic acid partially overcame the inhibition of pectate lyase release by NaCl in strain ECC. 13C NMR spectroscopy of two osmotically‐stressed strains showed that glycine betaine was accumulated intracellularly from synthetic media containing the exogenous osmoprotectant. However, both strains also synthesized and accumulated trehalose in addition to glycine betaine in response to osmotic stress in complex media containing glycine betaine.

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The Role of Proline in Osmoregulation in Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia Coli

Csonka

1981

Trends in the Biology of Fermentations for Fuels and Chemicals

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Amino Acid Pools in Members of the Genus Erwinia Grown in Continuous Culture

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae

Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae

Growth, pectate lyase production and solute accumulation by Erwinia chrysanthemi under osmotic stress: effect of osmoprotectants

The Role of Proline in Osmoregulation in Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia Coli

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