Amino Acid Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Apatite Formation and Biocompatibility

Abstract

The limitation in bone tissue engineering is the lack of available natural or synthetic biomaterials to replace bone tissue under need. Carbon nanotubes have great potential as bone tissue scaffolds because of their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties combined with high aspect ratio.In this work, we demonstrated for the first time a novel approach based on the sol-gel technique for functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with two amino acids: L-arginine, L(+) Arg and L-aspargine, L(+) Asp. We have examined the effect of both functionalities on physicochemical properties of MWCNTs, cytotoxicity in osteosarcoma MG63 and normal fibroblastic BJ cells and the ability to induce nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals in vitro under physiological concentrations of Ca 2+ and PO 4+ (SBF). The scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that both functionalized MWCNTs have a particle size of 269 and 411 nm, a zeta potential of -12.8 and -8.8 mV, respectively, high colloidal stability, enhanced biocompatibility, and enhanced formation of an apatite layer on the scaffolds surface in comparison to ox-MWCNTs. Altogether, the results confirmed the important role of the amino acids L(+) Arg and L(+) Asp in ox-MWCNTs-based composites for bone tissue engineering applications.

Lysinated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Carbohydrate Ligands as an Effective Nanocarrier for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells

“…The COOHMWCNTs I D /I G ratio was 0.82, whereas the COClMWCNTs I D /I G ratio was 0.90, due to the negative charge of the chlorine molecules. The LyMWCNTs I D /I G ratio was 0.94, which was slightly greater than that for the COOHMWCNTs and COClMWCNTs, due to the covalent conjugation of lysine to MWCNTs, which is similar to previously reported studies previous research article [ 46 ]. Finally, the ligand modified MWCNTs, GAMWCNTs, MAMWCNTs and LAMWCNTs had intensity I D /I G ratios of 0.78, 0.75 and 0.77, respectively, due to the increased conjugation of the LyMWCNTs [ 37 ].…”

“…The geometry of the COOHMWCNTs and functionalized MWCNTs can be determined using XRD, a non-destructive analytical method based on X-ray elastic scattering [ 46 ]. It provides details about the chemical composition and crystallographic structure of a molecule [ 47 ].…”

“…These peaks were similar as these formulations had a very similar amorphous structure. In contrast, the 2Ɵ values for the GAMWCNTs, MAMWCNTs and LAMWCNTs were 25.23, 24.91 and 24.83, respectively, due to the conjugation of the ligands to the LyMWCNTs [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Biochemical and histopathological studies of sulfonylurea derivative as a new chemotherapeutic agent against liver cancer in free- and nano-coated forms

“…On the other hand, the elements percentage of C, N, O, and S in the coated 3 are 47.2, 8.0, 28.7 and 1.6% respectively, while, in the case of uncoated 3 they are 70.3, 5.8, 16.7 and 7.3%, respectively. As expected, both of Si and O were increased while the other ones were decreased after the treatment of the organic compound 3 with TEOS using sol-gel technique, these data are in agreement with our previous work [40]. From these data we can confirm the preparation of coated 4-tolylsufonyl urea 3 using sol-gel technique.…”

Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review

“…15,16 The mechanical attributes of carbon nanostructures can originate from their physical properties or interactions with the other components in the composite. [17][18][19] These mechanical features usually affect the performance of the composite or its development (applications as absorbers, aerospace, marine, automotive, medical, construction infrastructure, and sports goods). 20 For example, the combination of GO with other components makes it a strong adsorbent for the absorption and desorption of n-hexane vapor, which is due to both to the enhanced specic surface area and micropore volume of the composite.…”