Amino acid derivatized carbon dots with tunable selectivity as logic gates for fluorescent sensing of metal cations

Carbon Dots-Based Logic Gates

“…Table 1 summarizes most of the logic systems discussed in the text ordered by their year of publication. Pristine D-Penicillamine detection AND Single [65] Silver-CDs nanohybrid AA detection IMPLICATION Single [46] Pristine CDs Glyphosate detection AND Single [66] CDs-MnO2 adduct NAC detection YES Single [77] Pristine CDs Intracellular pH sensing XOR-AND, INHIBIT-XOR Combination [52] Pristine CDs Arginine and Cu 2+ detection AND Single [11] Amino acid derivatized CDs Detection of Pb, Hg 2+ , Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ AND, INHIBIT Single [41] Nitrogen doped CDs Fe 3+ and AA detection AND Single [69] Pristine CDs fluoride ions detection NOT, IMP, NOT-AND-OR Single, sequential [56] Pristine CDs Cr 6+ and Cys detection AND Single [37] Polyamine coated CDs Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , S Pristine CDs Hg 2+ and glutathione detection AND Single [38] N,S-Codoped CDs Cr 6+ and AA detection AND Single [72] N,S-Codoped CDs Au 3+ and S 2− detection AND Single [73] Nitrogen-doped CDs Hg 2+ and biothiols Detection IMP Single [48] Benzalkonium chloride functionalized CDs…”

“…There are several reports that have constructed AND logic operation through the detection of different metal ions, such as Cr 6+ [ 37 ], Hg 2+ [ 38 ], Cu 2+ [ 39 ], and Fe 3+ [ 40 ]. Apart from AND, other logic operations such as the INHIBIT function were also fabricated through sensing of various metal ions through different amino acid derivatized CDs [ 41 ], histidine [ 42 ], Cu 2+ , H 2 S [ 43 ], arginine, and acetaminophen [ 44 ]. Other researchers developed IMPLICATION logic operations using the sensing ability of CDs for Hg (II) and cysteine [ 45 ], AA [ 46 ], Fe 3+ [ 47 ], Hg 2+ , and biothiols [ 48 ], Hg(II), and glutathione [ 49 ].…”

“…This kind of derivatization resulted in tuning the selectivity of sensing metal cations. The logic gates obtained from the fluorescence response of CDs depend on the fluorescence quenching in presence of metal ions [ 41 ]. Das et al surface quaternized the CDs with benzalkonium chloride, which was synthesized from seaweed and lemon juice abbreviated as KLBC-dots.…”

Aggregation‐Induced Quenching of Carbon Dots for Detection of Nitric oxide

“…The objective of choosing three different biomolecules is that adenine is a nucleobase and nitrogen-rich molecule, and amino acids; L-serine and L-threonine are rich in oxygen along with nitrogen content to obtain the CDs with surface functionalities. Though there is a significant number of reports [29,30,[39][40][41][42][43][44][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] regarding the use of CDs prepared from amino acids, however, such CDs have not been evaluated for the detection of NO. Furthermore, CDs prepared using other amine sources (ethylenediamine, urea, and aminoguanidine) have been used for the detection of NO.…”

Carbon Quantum Dots Based Chemosensor Array for Monitoring Multiple Metal Ions

“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted extensive attention in the fields of chemical sensing and biosensing, due to their advantages of ultra-small size, good water solubility, low cell toxicity, tunable surface groups and low cost and easy preparation [45][46][47]. The preparation of CQDs includes top-down and bottom-up methods and can be prepared from various low-cost carbon sources, making CQDs a candidate sensor for the detection of various metal ions [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. To the best of our knowledge, the design of cross-reaction sensing elements is the core of an array-based sensor system.…”