Amino acid-containing membrane lipids in bacteria

Geiger, Otto; González-Silva, Napoleón; López‐Lara, Isabel M.; Sohlenkamp, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.08.002

Cited by 161 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…18), ornithine, or other amino acids (reviewed in ref. 19). When P i stressed, the marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus reduce their P i demand by 0.5-8.6 attomoles P per cell by substituting phosphorus-containing lipids with sulfolipids; depending on the strain, this reduction equates to 10-86% of the P bound in their nucleic acids (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation

Carini

Mooy

Thrash

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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Phytoplankton inhabiting oligotrophic ocean gyres actively reduce their phosphorus demand by replacing polar membrane phospholipids with those lacking phosphorus. Although the synthesis of nonphosphorus lipids is well documented in some heterotrophic bacterial lineages, phosphorus-free lipid synthesis in oligotrophic marine chemoheterotrophs has not been directly demonstrated, implying they are disadvantaged in phosphate-deplete ecosystems, relative to phytoplankton. Here, we show the SAR11 clade chemoheterotroph Pelagibacter sp. str. HTCC7211 renovates membrane lipids when phosphate starved by replacing a portion of its phospholipids with monoglucosyl-and glucuronosyl-diacylglycerols and by synthesizing new ornithine lipids. Lipid profiles of cells grown with excess phosphate consisted entirely of phospholipids. Conversely, up to 40% of the total lipids were converted to nonphosphorus lipids when cells were starved for phosphate, or when growing on methylphosphonate. Cells sequentially limited by phosphate and methylphosphonate transformed >75% of their lipids to phosphorus-free analogs. During phosphate starvation, a four-gene cluster was significantly up-regulated that likely encodes the enzymes responsible for lipid renovation. These genes were found in Pelagibacterales strains isolated from a phosphate-deficient ocean gyre, but not in other strains from coastal environments, suggesting alternate lipid synthesis is a specific adaptation to phosphate scarcity. Similar gene clusters are found in the genomes of other marine α-proteobacteria, implying lipid renovation is a common strategy used by heterotrophic cells to reduce their requirement for phosphorus in oligotrophic habitats.marine phosphorus cycle | lipids | glucuronic acid | cyanobacteria | methylphosphonate M icrobes primarily assimilate phosphorus (P) in its +5 valence state (phosphate; P i ), which comprises ∼3% of total cellular mass as a structural constituent of nucleic acids and phospholipids, and is intimately involved in energy metabolism and some transport functions (via ATP hydrolysis) (1). In oligotrophic ocean gyres, P i concentrations are extremely low (0.2-1.0 nM in the Sargasso Sea; ref.2) and the availability of P i can limit bacterial and primary production (2-5). Microbes inhabiting these low P i environments have evolved numerous strategies to maintain growth and enhance their competitiveness for trace amounts of P i . These mechanisms are commonly induced by P i starvation and include one or more of the following: (i) expression of high affinity P i transporters (6); (ii) reduction of cellular P i quotas (7, 8); (iii) utilization of alternate phosphorus sources (9, 10); and (iv) polyphosphate storage and breakdown (11,12). Such strategies facilitate survival in the face of P i insufficiency.

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confidence: 99%

SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation

Carini

Mooy

Thrash

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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“…Genes predicted to be involved in OL synthesis can be found in 50% of the sequenced bacterial species (1) but have not been described in eukaryotes or archaea (2,3). An OL synthesis pathway was discovered first in the ␣-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti (4,5).…”

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OlsG (Sinac_1600) Is an Ornithine Lipid N-Methyltransferase from the Planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila

Escobedo‐Hinojosa

Vences‐Guzmán

Schubotz

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Glycolipids also play an important role in several members of Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria) under phosphate deprivation, similar to plants and cyanobacteria, where they replace phospholipids to save phosphate required for the synthesis of phosphate-containing metabolites (1,3,4). Besides glycolipids, further phosphate-free lipids are often involved in this physiological stress response in bacteria (5). Two representatives of such nonphospholipids are diacylglyceryl trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) 2 or the glycerol-free ornithine lipid (OL).…”

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A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Semeniuk

Sohlenkamp

Duda

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Despite the high diversity of glycolipids found in many organisms, only a few glycosyltransferases have been isolated. Results: A bifunctional glycosyltransferase, synthesizing glucuronosyl or monoglucosyl diacylglycerol, was isolated from Agrobacterium. Conclusion: Glycolipids and other nonphospholipids can mutually replace each other, enhancing the ability to adapt to changing environments. Significance: This is the first report on the isolation of a glucuronosyl diacylglycerol synthase.

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Amino acid-containing membrane lipids in bacteria

Cited by 161 publications

References 120 publications

SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation

SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation

OlsG (Sinac_1600) Is an Ornithine Lipid N-Methyltransferase from the Planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

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