Amino acid composition and functional properties of giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) collagen hydrolysates

Abstract

Giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) is an under-utilized species due to its high tendency to autolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from this species. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE, emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), foam expansion (FE), and foam stability (FS) of hydrolysates were investigated. The effects of pH on the EAI, ESI FE and FS of hydrolysates were also investigated. The results indicated that the β and α 1 chains of the collagen were effectively hydrolyzed by trypsin at 50℃ with an Enzyme/Substrate (E/S) ration of 1:20 (w:w). The DH of collagen was up to 17.3% after 3 h hydrolysis with trypsin. The hydrolysates had a molecular weight distribution of 1.1−17 kDa, and were abundant in glycine (Gly), proline (Pro), glutamic acid (Glu), alanine (Ala) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues. The hydrolysates were fractionated into three fractions (< 3 kDa, 3−10 kDa, and > 10 kDa), and the fraction of 3−10 kDa exhibited a higher EAI value than the fraction of > 10 kDa (P<0.05). The fraction of > 10 kDa had higher FE and FS values than other fractions (P<0.05). The pH had an important effect on the EAI, ESI, FE and FS. All the fractions showed undesirable emulsion and forming properties at pH 4.0. Under pH 7.0 and pH 10.0, the 3−10 kDa fraction showed higher EAI value and the fraction of > 10 kDa showed higher FE value, respectively. They are hoped to be utilized as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical industries.

Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties of Pepsin-Solubilized Collagen Isolated from the Integument of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus vastus)

“…Protein content was the highest (89.55% on the basis of dry weight) in the isolated integument collagen while ash and lipid contents were 2.9 and 0.25%, respectively. Our findings are consistent with the former report on collagen from sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Liu et al 2011). Table 1 shows the amino acid compositions of PSC obtained after acid hydrolysis and comparisons with two mammalian collagens, such as calf skin collagen (Giraud-Guille et al 2000) and pig skin collagen (Ikoma et al 2003), and with two fish skin collagens (Nagai et al 2002;Saito et al 2002).…”

“…Our findings are consistent with the former report on collagen from sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Liu et al . ).…”

Biochemical and radical-scavenging properties of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) collagen hydrolysates

“…28, No. 16, 1302-1305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014 To date, only a few studies have described the peptides prepared from sea cucumber integument collagen following enzymatic hydrolysis (Zhao et al 2007;Wang et al 2010;Liu et al 2011). In this study, the molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition and radicalscavenging activity of collagen hydrolysates obtained via trypsin hydrolysis of S. vastus integument collagen were investigated.…”

“…These findings indicate that exogenous enzymes hydrolyse the S. vastus integument collagen and might produce bioactive peptides. Table S1 shows the amino acid composition (expressed as residues per 1000 residues) of the hydrolysates obtained from trypsin hydrolysis of the S. vastus integument collagen and comparisons with three other fish skin collagen hydrolysates (Saito et al 2009;Liu et al 2011). Glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), glutamate (Glu), proline (Pro) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were abundant in the hydrolysates and accounted for 322, 108, 97, 91 and 73 residues out of 1000 residues, respectively; in contrast, the content of methionine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine and phenylalanine was very low.…”

Complete mitochondrial genome of Parastichopus californicus (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae)

“…This kind of sea cucumber is full of collagen hydrolysates which can be utilized as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical industries (Liu et al, 2012). So far, there are only a few studies about COX1 and 16S rRNA (Arndt et al, 1996) of P. californicus, the complete mitochondrial genome is still unknown.…”