Amino acid changes associated with low temperature treatment of Lolium Perenne

Draper, S. R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(72)80025-6

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A 3 to 10 fold increase in proline content was observed during cold hardening at high relative humidity without an appreciable decrease in water content. Similar resuits were found in barley (Chu et al 1974) and perennial ryegrass (Draper 1972) where proline accumulates upon cold hardening without changes in water status. Four days of wilting resulted in a 50 to 90 fold increase in leaf proline content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…frost tolerance and capacity for cold hardetjing exist. Proline accumulation is also observed in many plant The cultivated potato has no or very little frost tolerspecies subjected to cold hardetiing temperatures ance (lethal temperature -S^C) and cannot be cold- (Draper 1972, Paquin 1977, Chu et al 1978 (Chen and Li 1980a). In a tiumber of wild So-1978, Yelonosky 1979a, Popp and Albert 1981.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

Swaaij¹,

Jacobsen²,

Feenstra³

1985

Physiologia Plantarum

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Frost tolerance and leaf proline content were examined in a number of potato hybrids selected for frost tolerance and in the cv. Astarte before and after hardening. Cold hardening (2°C for 20 days) in a dry environment (50/90% relative humidity, day/night) resulted in decreased water content, increased proline content and increased frost tolerance of the leaves of all genotypes. Frost tolerance before and after hardening was positively related to leaf proline content, but not to leaf water content. Drought stress alone, imposed by wilting excised leaves for 4 days, resulted in an accumulation of proline comparable to that after hardening in a dry environment, but the increase in frost tolerance was smaller. Cold hardening in a humid environment (90% relative humidity continuously) only caused a minor accumulation of proline and a small increase in frost tolerance, but the increase in frost tolerance was high in relation to the amount of proline accumulated. Proline, exogenously applied to one of the genotypes, was accumulated in the leaves of shoot cultures, resulting in an increase in frost tolerance. A possible role of proline in frost tolerance is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

Swaaij¹,

Jacobsen²,

Feenstra³

1985

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Plants under such biotic stresses undergo oxidative stress and have increased production of reactive oxygen species 92 . They may also have increased concentrations of secondary metabolites including various phenolics, nitrate, glutamate, aspartate, malonate, lipid peroxides and reduced concentrations of antioxidants including ascorbate, thiols and α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase 92 –94 . It is possible that some of these secondary metabolites could induce neuronal death in EGS, especially when the plant‐derived antioxidant intake is concomitantly reduced.…”

Section: Putative Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurology and enterology of equine grass sickness: a review of basic mechanisms

Cottrell

McGorum

Pearson

1999

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Autonomic dysfunction constitutes a prominent clinical feature of equine grass sickness (EGS). Significant injury to the nervous control of the alimentary system is life threatening, partly because of dysphagia but also because of the failure of the unique regulatory mechanisms in equine digestion involving water and electrolyte balance. The neuropathology also indicates the presence of a somatic polyneuropathy. The morphological features of EGS are similar to those of excitotoxic neuronal degeneration, which resembles neuronal apoptosis. It is difficult to ascertain from published accounts the degree of damage to central neurones: the distribution is well documented and selective but the proportion of damage is poorly quantified. If lesions involve a significant number of regulatory neurones they should produce functional deficits. Any clinical assessment of horses, especially those with chronic EGS, should include a thorough neurological examination. Although this will not necessarily improve the outcome of the case, it may enable the rational selection of animals with a reasonable prognosis for recovery which is partly determined by the extent of CNS lesions. The evidence supports the following pathogenesis. There is an initial lesion in the enteric nervous system of susceptible horses. In the acute form of EGS, massive enteric neuronal damage occurs first functionally, then structurally leading to generalized alimentary smooth muscle atony, enhanced secretions and altered fluid fluxes. Severe distension of the stomach and small intestines rapidly develops, which augments the intestinal ileus by intersegmental inhibitory reflexes and causes colic and dehydration. In subacute cases, failure of intestinal bicarbonate buffer together with alimentary stasis rapidly reduces caecal-colonic fermentation. Thus the osmolality of large intestinal digesta reduces and water travels out of the bowel along osmotic gradients. Water returns to the circulation, but is eventually lost in the gastric and small intestinal secretions. The observation that pathological lesions may not be seen in the prevertebral ganglia within the first few days of acute cases supports the view that a functional deficit precedes structural lesions which may be secondary to a retrograde degeneration. It is therefore possible to resolve the observations that less damage may be seen in prevertebral ganglia and elsewhere in peracute and acute cases with the more common finding that greater neuronal damage is present in acute than in chronic cases. These different observations are probably time dependent. Chronic EGS occurs when there is less initial enteric nerve damage which may lead to less secondary prevertebral ganglionic pathology, and more time for functional and structural compensatory mechanisms to develop. Denervation hypersensitivity develops at target sites both in the gut and in peripheral somatic nerves which may account, in part, for the clinical signs of patchy sweating and muscle tremors. Raised circulating adrenaline levels may also ac...

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“…A number of biochemical processes associated with changes in the free amino acid pool are involved when buds start to grow in spring (Steward 1961, Pate 1980, Higgins and Payne 1982, Durzan and Steward 1983. Winter dormancy, a process in which certain amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds play a central role (Durzan 1968a, Draper 1972, Sagi-saka 1974, Sagisaka and Araki 1983, also terminates at this time and results in alterations in amino acid metabolism. Moreover, flowering and berry formation involve a number of mobilization, catabolism and biosynthesis processes (Pate 1980), during which the levels of amino acids and proteins in particular can be expected to be affected (Titus andKang 1982, Chapin et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in total nitrogen, protein, amino acids and NH⁺₄ in tissues of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, during the growing season

et al. 1990

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Free amino acids and related compounds together with total nitrogen, total protein and soluble small‐molecular nitrogen were analyzed quantitatively in monthly tissue samples from bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, from 15 May to 24 September 1985, in Oulu, northern Finland. Pronounced accumulation (at the millimolar level) of soluble low‐molecular‐weight nitrogen in the form of free amino acids was observed at the end of September. Arginine in particular accumulated in the rhizomes and older branches. Protein levels remained relatively constant. Mobilization of amino acids from winter storage into the growing tissues (buds) was evident in May.

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Amino acid changes associated with low temperature treatment of Lolium Perenne

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

The neurology and enterology of equine grass sickness: a review of basic mechanisms

Changes in total nitrogen, protein, amino acids and NH⁺₄ in tissues of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, during the growing season

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Amino acid changes associated with low temperature treatment of Lolium Perenne

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

Effect of cold hardening, wilting and exogenously applied proline on leaf proline content and frost tolerance of several genotypes of Solanum

The neurology and enterology of equine grass sickness: a review of basic mechanisms

Changes in total nitrogen, protein, amino acids and NH+4 in tissues of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, during the growing season

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Product

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About

Changes in total nitrogen, protein, amino acids and NH⁺₄ in tissues of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, during the growing season