Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Bovine Ruminal Bacteria and Protozoa

Zhong

et al. 2010

Lipids

This study was conducted to examine dietary tea catechins (TC) supplementation on the fatty acid composition of muscle and ruminal bacteria in goats fed a maize stover-based diet. Forty goats, 8 months old (16.2 ± 1.2 kg), were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals in each group) and assigned to four experiment diets with TC supplementation at four levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 mg TC/kg feed, namely TC0, TC2000, TC3000 and TC4000, respectively). After a 60-day feeding period, all the goats were slaughtered and sampled. The results showed that dietary TC inclusion increased the average daily gain (ADG), protein content in the semimembranosus muscle and dry matter in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD). Dietary TC supplementation increased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was higher in TC3000 and TC4000 than in TC0 and TC2000 for LD. The current results implied that dietary inclusion of a suitable TC dose could improve the growth performance and increase the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in muscle, and the biohydrogenation of ruminal microorganisms might change the profiles of fatty acids in the muscle of growing goats.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dietary Inclusion of Tea Catechins Changes Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle in Goats

Zhong

et al. 2010

Lipids

“…Moreover, total fatty acid concentration from GLC analysis was comparable to crude fat values previously reported for these samples (Whitney et al 1998). Fatty acid profiles of ruminal bacteria were within the range reported by Williams and Dinusson (1973) for ruminal digesta and bacteria isolated from calves consuming a forage-based ration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

Direct transesterification of lipids from feedstuffs and ruminal bacteria

Whitney¹,

Hess²,

Kaltenbach³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

1999. Direct transesterification of lipids from feedstuffs and ruminal bacteria. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 247-249. Direct transesterification of feedstuffs, browse plants, and rumi-nal bacteria was compared to transesterification of solvent extracted lipids. Weight percentages were of similar magnitude between procedures. Direct transesterification often produced higher concentrations of fatty acids. Results indicate that direct transesterifi-cation is an acceptable method for analysis of total fatty acids.. et Rule, D. C. 1999. Transestérification directe des lipides à par-tir des substances alimentaires et des bactéries du rumen. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 247-249. Nous avons comparé la méthode de transestérification directe des lipides des substances alimentaires, des plantes de brout et des bactéries ruminales à la tranestérifi-cation obtenue par extraction par solvant. Les poids en pourcentage obtenus par les deux méthodes étaient du même ordre de grandeur. La transestérification directe produisait fréquemment des concentrations plus élevées d'acides gras. La méthode appa-raît donc acceptable pour la détermination de la teneur en acides gras totaux.

“…Williams et al (1973) isolated different rumen protozoan species (Holotrichs and Entodinomorphs) and bacteria separately. Amino acid profiles of the two protozoa were significantly different from each other and the amino acid composition of the bacteria was different from those of the protozoan species.…”

Section: Composition Of Rumen Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino acid profiles of the two protozoa were significantly different from each other and the amino acid composition of the bacteria was different from those of the protozoan species. Aspartate, glutamate, lysine, and Williams et al, 1973, remaining values adopted from Clark et al, 1992. 21 leucine were in high concentrations in holotrichs and entodinicraorphs than bacteria.…”

Section: Composition Of Rumen Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Karsli

Russell

This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiU indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI IntroductionIt has been reported that approximately 37 million metric tons of forage protein were consumed by animals to produce an estimated 5.4 million tons of animal protein for human consumption every year in the United States (Pimental et al., 1980). Among animals, ruminants are the predominant forage utilizers (Wedin et al., 1975). Forages provide 83% of the protein requirements of beef cattle and 90% of the protein requirements of sheep (Griffith, 1978).Forage protein serves as a source of metabolizable protein to the ruminant by providing both ruminally degradable protein for microbial growth, and some ruminally undegradable protein for intestinal digestion . Because of rapid and extensive degradauon of forages in the rumen (Brown and Pitman, 1991), escape protein concentrations of forages are usually low . One approach to increase the amount of protein which reaches the small intestine is to improve efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in animals fed forages.Efficiency of microbial growth is dependent on amounts and types of nitrogen and carbohydrate sources of the diet , the feed intake by the animals , as well as the concentrations of trace minerals and vitamins in the diet . Concentrations of nitrogen, fiber fractions and readily fermentable carbohydrates significantly differ between legume and grass species and even within legume 2 and grass species (Brown and Pitman, 1991). Although ruminal nitrogen degradation is extensive, low absolute quantities of ruminally soluble and degradable nitrogen may limit microbial growth in ruminants fed grass diets (Brown and Pitman, 1991). A lack of readily fermentable carbohydrate sources in forage is another limitation for optimal microbial gr...