Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs 2. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on responses to lysine concentration in barley-based diets

Abstract

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine concentration, as influenced by food intake, sex (entire male and female) and live weight were investigated in an experiment involving 128 pigs. The basal barley-soya-bean diet (14-2 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg) was offered either ad libitum or according to a restricted feeding scale to both sexes from 20 to 85 kg live weight. The eight dietary lysine concentrations ranged from 8-0 to 12-2 g/kg during the 20 to 50 kg phase and from 6-4 to 9-8 g/kg during the 50 to 85 kg live-weight phase. Performance was assessed by response-surface analysis based on data from successive 10-kg live-weight intervals. Regression analysis was used to assess the response of carcass lean content after slaughter at 85 kg live weight.Daily gain of females fed ad libitum was curvilinear up to maxima of 0-72 and 0-69 g lysine per MJ DE during the 20 to 50 and 50 to 85 kg growth phases respectively. Daily gain response was small but linear up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration for all other combinations of sex and food intake.The response of carcass lean for males given food at a restricted level was linear up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration. For males given food ad libitum, carcass lean response was curvilinear with maximum lean content attained with 0-73 and 0-59 g lysine per MJ DE during the 20 to 50 and 50 to 85 kg live-weight phases respectively. Carcass lean content of females was not affected by lysine concentration within the range used.

Determination of the optimum dietary lysine concentration for growing pigs housed in pairs and in groups

“…Similarly, Van Lunen and Cole (1996) reported no difference between their modern genotype boars and gilts in growth rate. Giles et al (1986) found that maximum ADG of male pigs (20 to 50 kg) was not achieved when diets containing up to 12·2 g lysine per kg were given ad libitum, but female pigs reached maximum ADG at 11·0 g lysine per kg. Batterham et al (1985) suggest that in ad libitum feeding systems, boars require more lysine to support maximum growth than gilts at weights between 20 to 50 kg and Campbell et al (1988) determined lysine requirement of 10·9 and 10·3 g/kg for boars and gilts from 20 to 50 kg respectively.…”

The effect of immunization against GnRF on nutrient requirements of male pigs: a review

“…During the early 1980s, a number of studies were conducted that suggested that the protein deposition potential (g/day) and the estimated lysine requirement of entire grower males (up to 60 kg) was slightly higher than those of gilts (Batterham et al, 1985;Giles et al, 1986). However, studies from the early 2000s suggested that, although the daily protein deposition and growth potential of entire males was greater than that of gilts, there was little difference in the lysine (g/kg feed) requirement of grower and finisher entire males and gilts O'Connell et al, 2005 and.…”

“…There are very few published data comparing the protein or lysine requirements of contemporary entire males and barrows. Given that the lysine requirements of gilts are generally considered to be similar to, or slightly higher than, that of Nutritional requirements of anti-GnRF immunized boars 1773 barrows (Quiniou et al, 2010; NRC, 2012), and that there have been a number of studies comparing the lysine requirement of entire males and gilts, it is pragmatic to use the gilt requirements as a reference point.During the early 1980s, a number of studies were conducted that suggested that the protein deposition potential (g/day) and the estimated lysine requirement of entire grower males (up to 60 kg) was slightly higher than those of gilts (Batterham et al, 1985;Giles et al, 1986). However, studies from the early 2000s suggested that, although the daily protein deposition and growth potential of entire males was greater than that of gilts, there was little difference in the lysine (g/kg feed) requirement of grower and finisher entire males and gilts O'Connell et al, 2005 and.…”

“…per MJ digestible energy (DE)). The studies used in these analyses included those reported by Batterham et al (1985), Giles et al (1986and 1987, Hansen and Lewis (1993), King et al (2000), O'Connell et al (2005 and, Moore et al (2012) and Rikard-Bell et al (2012) with some publications containing more than one study. The meta-analysis indicated that entire males have a higher dietary lysine requirement than gilts (0.600 v. 0.549 g SID lysine/MJ DE, P 5 0.009) over the finisher stage.…”

Utilization of crystalline or protein-bound lysine for growth and carcass traits of barrows and gilts fed individually or in groups1

“…However, others (Batterham et al, 1985;Giles et al, 1986) have reported that barrows require greater AA concentrations than gilts. Although previous studies with nursery pigs demonstrated that there are no differences of Lys needs between barrows and gilts (Hill et al, 2007) and growth is similar between pigs fed soybean meal (SBM)-bound Lys and Lys from L-Lys HCL (Colina et al, 2010), there is evidence that gilts require greater concentrations of dietary AA to maximize lean growth rate compared with barrows (Cromwell et al, 1993).…”