Amino acid and chlorin based degradation indicators in freshwater systems

Stücheli, Patrick E.; Larsen, Thomas; Wehrli, Bernhard; Schubert, Carsten J.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.04.006

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Notably, ∑V values are greatly increased in smaller dissolved OM compared to particulate OM (Yamaguchi & McCarthy, 2018 ). As food web base components, detrital (non‐living) OM and its small molecular size can be linked to its microbial reactivity and degradation rate in middle‐depth water; these might be more active and fresher near the ocean surface (Doherty et al, 2021 ; Stücheli et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Aa‐sir For Defining Trophic Transfer Betwe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid nitrogen and carbon isotope data: Potential and implications for ecological studies

Yun

Larsen

Choi

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Explaining food web dynamics, stability, and functioning depend substantially on understanding of feeding relations within a community. Bulk stable isotope ratios (SIRs) in natural abundance are well‐established tools to express direct and indirect feeding relations as continuous variables across time and space. Along with bulk SIRs, the SIRs of individual amino acids (AAs) are now emerging as a promising and complementary method to characterize the flow and transformation of resources across a diversity of organisms, from microbial domains to macroscopic consumers. This significant AA‐SIR capacity is based on empirical evidence that a consumer's SIR, specific to an individual AA, reflects its diet SIR coupled with a certain degree of isotopic differences between the consumer and its diet. However, many empirical ecologists are still unfamiliar with the scope of applicability and the interpretative power of AA‐SIR. To fill these knowledge gaps, we here describe a comprehensive approach to both carbon and nitrogen AA‐SIR assessment focusing on two key topics: pattern in AA‐isotope composition across spatial and temporal scales, and a certain variability of AA‐specific isotope differences between the diet and the consumer. On this basis we review the versatile applicability of AA‐SIR to improve our understanding of physiological processes as well as food web functioning, allowing us to reconstruct dominant basal dietary sources and trace their trophic transfers at the specimen and community levels. Given the insightful and opportunities of AA‐SIR, we suggest future applications for the dual use of carbon and nitrogen AA‐SIR to study more realistic food web structures and robust consumer niches, which are often very difficult to explain in nature.

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Section: Interpretation Of Aa‐sir For Defining Trophic Transfer Betwe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid nitrogen and carbon isotope data: Potential and implications for ecological studies

Yun

Larsen

Choi

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Operators must also ensure that the GC-C-IRMS system is regularly serviced by changing inlet liners, maintaining the integrity of the guard/main columns, and checking the combustion reactors and leakages when needed. To date, the accuracy of GC-C-IRMS produced δ 13 C EAA data has been somewhat inconsistent across laboratories (Arthur et al, 2014;Jarman et al, 2017;Stücheli et al, 2021). Hence, for furthering δ 13 C AA applications in aquaculture, it will be essential to carry out inter-laboratory comparison exercises, sharing of standardized protocols, and globally available standard reference materials, e.g., reference centers (Yarnes and Herszage, 2017).…”

Section: Analytical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be due to the conversion of source carbon to metabolic AA precursors affecting isotopic discrimination (Pollierer et al, 2019). In microbial mats dominated by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea, δ 13 C EAA patterns are variable and not fixed as is the case with photoautotrophic microalgae (Takano et al, 2018;Stücheli et al, 2021). During biosynthesis of the pyruvate family AAs, 13 C fractionation widens between short-and long-chain carbon AAs with increasing 13 C depletion of the substrate methane (Takano et al, 2018).…”

Section: Outlook and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Trophic Fate of Aquafeed Macronutrients With Carbon Isotope Ratios of Amino Acids

2022

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To meet future seafood demands, ingredients derived from algae and other novel and sustainable sources are increasingly being tested and used as replacers to traditional aquafeed ingredients. Algal ingredients in particular are being promoted for their sustainability and their additional functional attributes in farmed aquatic animals. Test on algal supplemented aquafeeds typically focus on a suite of immunological and physiological indicators along with fish growth performance or muscle quality. However, to optimize the replacement of fish meal with algal derived ingredients, it is crucial to understand the metabolic fate in the algal macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins), and their nutritional interactions with other ingredients after ingestion. Here, we assess the potential of using the emerging technology- stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of single amino acids (AAs) as a nutritional biomarker in aquaculture. Applications of δ13CAA-based approaches in feeding trials show promise in closing the knowledge gap in terms of understanding how fish and other aquaculture taxa assimilate and metabolize algal derived macronutrients. Source diagnostic δ13C fingerprints among the essential AAs can trace the protein origins to broad phylogenetic groups such as red macroalgae, brown macroalgae, bacteria, and terrestrial plants. Among the non-essential AAs, δ13C patterns have the potential to inform about metabolic routing and utilization of dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Despite the potential of δ13CAA as a nutritional biomarker, the few applications to date in fish feeding trials warrant further development and implementation of δ13CAA-based approaches to improve understanding of protein origins and macronutrient metabolic routing.

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“…The Gly/Ser ratios were typically greater than 2.0 in surface sediments in the Yellow Sea (Wei et al, 2021) and Aarhus Bay (Denmark) (Langerhuus et al, 2012). The Gly/Ser ratio for core sediments increased up to 4.0 along the core depth (Niggemann et al, 2018;Stücheli et al, 2021). Surface sediments in this study showed mostly negative DI values and high Gly/Ser ratios (>2.0), suggesting apparent organic matter degradation and alteration in the seawater-seafloor interface.…”

Section: Amino Acid Composition and Bioavailability In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mole percent of Gly over Ser can be interpreted as the result of preferential accumulation of peptidoglycan over diatom frustules, and the increase of Gly/Ser ratio could indicate the conversion of organic matter from phytoplankton into bacteria in sediment (Niggemann et al, 2018). Recently, the trophic position estimated by d 15 N values of AAs could be applied to understand the composition of biogenic organic matter (autotroph vs. heterotroph) in non-living samples, such as particulate organic matter (McCarthy et al, 2007;Eglite et al, 2018), sinking particle (Shen et al, 2021;Choi et al, 2022), and sediment (Carstens et al, 2013;Batista et al, 2014;Stücheli et al, 2021). Additionally, the degree of AA resynthesis by heterotrophic microbes has been demonstrated using an index, ∑V, estimated by the d 15 N values of multiple trophic AAs (McCarthy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial alteration in marine sediments: Insights from compound-specific isotopic compositions of amino acids in subseafloor environments

Choi

Chikaraishi

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The proportion of amino acids (AAs) in sediment can be used as an indicator of microbial degradation, which is primarily the product of benthic prokaryote activity. The microbial activity would be reflected with the stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (δ15N) at the time of mineralization and resynthesis of AAs. In this study, the compound-specific isotope analysis of individual AAs was used to investigate δ15N variation associated with microbial processes in marine sediment samples. Our results showed a decrease in AA concentrations in core-top sediment was accompanied by an increase in δ15N values, suggesting large 15N enrichment in buried AAs. Phenylalanine displayed an increase in δ15N from the surface to depths greater than 2 cm, whereas relatively constant δ15N values at depths below 2 cm, suggesting that microbial utilization of phenylalanine varies with depth. Glycine showed the highest relative molar contribution (from 12.1 to 36.4%), with the largest δ15N increase (from 0.8 to 8.7) in deep sediment, implying that such information can serve as a measure of AA diagenesis in sedimentary environments. Our results also indicated that the δ15N values of individual AAs in sediment reflected the microbial alteration of organic matter at water-sediment interfaces and in sub-surface environments. These findings form an important basis for interpreting the δ15N values of AAs in sediment.

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Amino acid and chlorin based degradation indicators in freshwater systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Amino acid nitrogen and carbon isotope data: Potential and implications for ecological studies

Amino acid nitrogen and carbon isotope data: Potential and implications for ecological studies

Tracing the Trophic Fate of Aquafeed Macronutrients With Carbon Isotope Ratios of Amino Acids

Microbial alteration in marine sediments: Insights from compound-specific isotopic compositions of amino acids in subseafloor environments

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