Amine Metabolism Is Influenced by Dietary Protein Source

Abstract

Growth in world population will inevitably leads to increased demand for protein for humans and animals. Protein from insects and blood plasma are being considered as possible alternatives, but more research on their nutritional quality and health effects is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dietary protein source on metabolism and metabolic amine profiles in serum and urine of mice. Groups of mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 300 g/kg of soybean meal, casein, partially delactosed whey powder, spray-dried plasma protein, wheat gluten meal, and yellow mealworm. Feed and water intake as well as body weight gain were measured for 28 days. After 14 and 28 days, serum and urine samples were collected for measurement of a large panel of amine metabolites. MetaboAnalyst 3.0 was used for analysis of the raw metabolic data. Out of 68 targeted amine metabolites, we could detect 54 in urine and 41 in blood serum. Dietary protein sources were found to have profound effects on host metabolism, particularly in systemic amine profiles, considered here as an endophenotype. We recommend serum over urine to screen for the amine metabolic endophenotype based on partial least squares discriminant analysis. We concluded that metabolites like alpha-aminobutyric acid and 1-methylhistidine are sensitive indicators of too much or too little availability of specific amino acids in the different protein diets. Furthermore, we concluded that amine metabolic profiles can be useful for assessing the nutritional quality of different protein sources.

Local intestinal microbiota response and systemic effects of feeding black soldier fly larvae to replace soybean meal in growing pigs

“…From the metabolic pathway analysis, we observed that dietary inclusion of BSF or SBM impacted metabolic pathways as expressed by a differential abundance of amine metabolites. These observations are in agreement with previous findings where pigs fed with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae 51 and mice fed with diets including different protein sources among which insect meal from Tenebrio molitor 21 . The enriched metabolic pathways are mainly related to AA metabolism.…”

“…An amine-based endophenotype concept was used to evaluate effects of dietary protein source 21 . Products of hydrolysis of dietary protein in the digestive tract and other N-containing constituents present in the diet which are absorbed from the digestive tract, enter the blood circulation and can be further used and metabolized in organs and tissues.…”

“…Systemic amine metabolic profiles are anticipated to be candidate biomarkers for dietary protein-associated phenotypes in relation to health 18 , 19 . Therefore, measuring or assessing the impact of interaction between dietary protein sources with the intestinal mucosal tissue and the resident microbiome along with the amine metabolite profiles in blood employing high-throughput ~ omics based technology is considered a useful approach to evaluate dietary protein sources 20 , 21 . In this context, “FeedOmics” provides an essential tool kit that combines multiple ~ omics techniques to evaluate dietary protein sources 22 .…”

A Distinct Pattern of Circulating Amino Acids Characterizes Older Persons with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Preliminary Results from the BIOSPHERE Study

“…The concomitant low serum concentration of the non-essential non-proteinogenic amino acid AABA seems to corroborate the previous finding since AABA may derive from the catabolism of methionine [40]. Further to this, plasma levels of AABA were found to be associated with both the quality and amount of dietary protein [41,42]. Although these findings seem to point towards a poor-quality protein diet or (selective) malabsorption, further studies are needed to clarify the correlation between diet and circulating EAA levels in the context of PF&S.…”

A Distinct Pattern of Circulating Amino Acids Characterizes Older Persons with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Results from the BIOSPHERE Study

“…The concomitant low serum concentration of the non-essential non-proteinogenic amino acid AABA seems to corroborate the previous finding since AABA may derive from the catabolism of methionine [ 39 ]. Furthermore, plasma levels of AABA were found to be associated with both the quality and amount of dietary protein [ 40 , 41 ]. Although these findings seem to point towards a poor-quality protein diet or (selective) malabsorption, further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between diet and circulating EAA levels in the context of PF&S.…”