“…Waste materials and byproducts can be effectively utilized from the practical perspective to minimize the overall cost of porous carbon fabrication. In this context, biomass serves as the best candidate [15,47,165]. In the reported literature, scientists have used cork dust, bio-tar, date seed, coconut shells, rice husk, lotus stalk, mangosteen peel, poplar catkin, sugarcane bagasse, pinewood, peanut shell, walnut shell, algae, chars derived from biomass gasifiers, palm kernel shells, paper mill sludge, pine sawdust, sucrose, solid bamboo residues, and hazelnut shells to produce porous carbon-based materials for CO 2 gas capture.…”