Amine-Functionalized TiO2 Nanoparticles Covalently Loaded into Epoxy Networks via Thermal and Microwave Curing Processes

Malekshahinezhad, Khaledeh; Ahmadi-khaneghah, Aziz; Behniafar, Hossein

doi:10.1007/s13233-020-8067-3

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Surface chemistry design must take into account functional properties of the ligands and their interaction with the matrix polymer. Examples include alkyl chain length for steric hindrance, reactive moieties for covalent bonding to the matrix, such as in thiol-ene (Smith et al, 2017) or amineepoxy (Malekshahinezhad et al, 2020) systems, or for acting as initiators for polymerization. Ligands with polar hydrophobic/ hydrophilic terminations are required for improved stability in a given solvent.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Surface Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Nanocomposite Resists With Design Functionality for Lithographic Microfabrication

et al. 2021

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Nanocomposites formed by a phase-dispersed nanomaterial and a polymeric host matrix are highly attractive for nano- and micro-fabrication. The combination of nanoscale and bulk materials aims at achieving an effective interplay between extensive and intensive physical properties. Nanofillers display size-dependent effects, paving the way for the design of tunable functional composites. The matrix, on the other hand, can facilitate or even enhance the applicability of nanomaterials by allowing their easy processing for device manufacturing. In this article, we review the field of polymer-based nanocomposites acting as resist materials, i.e. being patternable through radiation-based lithographic methods. A comprehensive explanation of the synthesis of nanofillers, their functionalization and the physicochemical concepts behind the formulation of nanocomposites resists will be given. We will consider nanocomposites containing different types of fillers, such as metallic, magnetic, ceramic, luminescent and carbon-based nanomaterials. We will outline the role of nanofillers in modifying various properties of the polymer matrix, such as the mechanical strength, the refractive index and their performance during lithography. Also, we will discuss the lithographic techniques employed for transferring 2D patterns and 3D shapes with high spatial resolution. The capabilities of nanocomposites to act as structural and functional materials in novel devices and selected applications in photonics, electronics, magnetism and bioscience will be presented. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the current trends in this field and perspectives for its development in the near future.

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Section: Nanoparticle Surface Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Nanocomposite Resists With Design Functionality for Lithographic Microfabrication

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, the end of hardening processes is checked by some techniques such as IR and DSC. Recently, we have focused our studies on the preparation and characterization of epoxy and nanofiller‐loaded epoxy thermosets through applying isothermal curing processes 29–32 . In continuation of these efforts, in the current work, the idea of simultaneously curing two epoxy resins in two different percentages with an amine‐based curing agent called 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone was used to improve the thermo‐mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we have focused our studies on the preparation and characterization of epoxy and nanofiller-loaded epoxy thermosets through applying isothermal curing processes. [29][30][31][32] In continuation of these efforts, in the current work, the idea of simultaneously curing two epoxy resins in two different percentages with an amine-based curing agent called 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenyl sulfone was used to improve the thermo-mechanical properties. The main resin is a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA), which is very popular in the epoxy industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously cured diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and polyethylene glycol: DSC, TGA, and DMA measurements

Ghallemohamadi,

Heydari,

Jahani

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, to improve the physico‐mechanical properties of epoxy thermosets, simultaneous curing of two resins with a stoichiometric amount of an aromatic amine hardener was investigated. The two resins used included the well‐known diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) with relatively rigid molecular structure and a diglycidyl ether derived from a popular polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), with loose molecular structure (DGEPEG). DGEPEG was used in amounts of 10 and 25 mol% in the resin mixture. A single‐resin curing process, including only DGEBA, was also examined. Before isothermal curing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the position of the curing exotherm. To ensure the completion of the curing processes, infra‐red (IR) and DSC techniques were performed on both simultaneously‐cured thermosets and the control thermoset. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the prepared thermosets showed that the addition of DGEPEG resin in the curing process of DGEBA resin has no significant effect on reducing the thermal resistance of the thermoset. In addition, the storage moduli (E′) and the damping coefficients (tan δ) were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). As the mole percentage of DGEPEG resin increased, the rapid drop in the E′ value and the α‐relaxation, which is a measure of the glass transition (Tg), occurred at lower temperatures.

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“…Besides, MW is a low energy-consuming, inexpensive, and facile technique, that minimizes the by-product formation; [20] which can lead to classify it as well as green technology. [1] With MW irradiation procedures one can achieve specific chemical reactions between functional groups by coupling acrylic double bonds or epoxy groups with amine-terminated compounds, [21,22] which can be controlled by adjusting the MW settings like the energy delivered to the system and the time of MW exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28] Instead, here, this reaction will be induced using microwave irradiation to shorten the reaction times. [21,29] The extent of surface postprinting functionalization is evaluated by varying experimental parameters, such as the acrylate/epoxy concentration and irradiation conditions. A series of experimental analyses are performed for optimizing the microwave-assisted functionalization procedure to find a compromise between the desired surface properties and the final sample's properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Green Microwave‐Assisted Strategy to Induce Surface Properties on Complex‐Shape Polymeric 3D Printed Structures

González

Arévalo

Chiappone

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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Light‐ induced polymeric 3D printing is becoming a well‐established fabrication method, showing manifold advantages such as control of the local chemistry of the manufactured devices. It can be considered a green technology, since the parts are produced when needed and with minimum amount of materials. In this work 3D printing is combined with another green technology, microwave‐assisted reaction, to fabricate objects of complex geometry with controllable surface properties, exploiting the presence of remaining functional groups on the surface of 3D printed specimens. In this context, surface functionalization with different amines is studied, optimizing formulations, reaction times, and avoiding surface deterioration. Then, two different applications are investigated. MW‐functionalized filter‐type structures have been tested against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, showing high bactericidal activity on the surface along all areas of the complex‐shaped structure. Second, a fluidic chip composed of three separated channels is 3D printed, filled with different amine‐reactive dyes (dansyl and eosine derivatives), and made to react simultaneously. Complete and independent functionalization of the surface of the three channels is achieved only after 2 min of irradiation. This study demonstrates that light induced 3D printing and microwave‐induced chemistry can be used together effectively, and used to produce functional devices.

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Amine-Functionalized TiO2 Nanoparticles Covalently Loaded into Epoxy Networks via Thermal and Microwave Curing Processes

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Advances on Nanocomposite Resists With Design Functionality for Lithographic Microfabrication

Recent Advances on Nanocomposite Resists With Design Functionality for Lithographic Microfabrication

Simultaneously cured diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and polyethylene glycol: DSC, TGA, and DMA measurements

A Facile and Green Microwave‐Assisted Strategy to Induce Surface Properties on Complex‐Shape Polymeric 3D Printed Structures

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