Amigo

A Systematic Review of Robotic Rehabilitation for Cognitive Training

“…In the pilot study by Sung et al (2015) about robot-assisted therapy using socially assistive pet robot (PARO), institutionalized older adults showed significantly increased communication and interaction skills and activity participation after receiving 4-week robot-assisted therapy. Another robotic application is to provide intervention to enhance people's impaired cognitive function, such as memory (Paletta et al, 2018), attention (Lins et al, 2019) and concentration (Tleubayev et al, 2019), or reduce their negative psychophysiological feelings, such as stress (Aminuddin et al, 2016) and anxiety (Ab Aziz et al, 2015). Additionally, a few studies adopted the robots to facilitate learning and educational activities for people with cognitive disabilities, such as children with dyslexia (Andruseac et al, 2015) or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (Barco Martelo and Fosch Villaronga, 2017).…”

“…Other studies included cameras in the robotic mechanical system. For example, in the social robot Pepper, there were 2D and 3D cameras attached to the head (Paletta et al, 2018). With computational approaches, such as computer vision, the robots analyzed the video/images from the cameras and recognized users' critical states, such as their environment, facial expression, body movements, and even emotion and attention (Paletta et al, 2018;Peleka et al, 2018;Rudovic et al, 2018;Mois et al, 2020), which led to a better perception of users (Johal et al, 2015).…”

“…Another popular modality adopted during robot-assisted cognitive training is auditory sensing. Researchers analyzed users' auditory signals in terms of the lexical field, tone and/or volume of voice for speech recognition, emotion detection, and speaker recognition in robots (Paletta et al, 2018;Peleka et al, 2018;Rudovic et al, 2018). Due to the natural and intuitive nature for users behind the auditory sensing, some end users, such as older adults preferred this sensing channel to the touch input during interaction with the robot (Zsiga et al, 2018).…”

“…One of the most widely-used overt feedback modalities is visual feedback or graphical user interface (GUI), displaying two-dimensional information. During robot-assisted cognitive training, visual feedback was delivered through an additional computer screen (Salvador et al, 2016;Taheri et al, 2019;Mois et al, 2020), or a touchscreen embodied in the robot (Paletta et al, 2018;Peleka et al, 2018). Some principles and/or issues on the design of GUI for robot-assisted training were suggested in previous studies.…”

“…Additionally, a robot can provide various types of feedback (see details in section 3.2.3) to encourage users to engage in the game (Taheri et al, 2015a;Lopez-Samaniego and Garcia-Zapirain, 2016). Often, games associated with cognitive training can be integrated into the robotic systems through a GUI (Ahn et al, 2017;Paletta et al, 2018;Peleka et al, 2018).…”