Amide-functionalized heterometallic helicate cages as highly efficient catalysts for CO₂ conversion under mild conditions

Abstract

Mimicking nature seems to be one of the smartest strategies to design novel catalysts for CO2 conversion under mild conditions.

Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Ambient Conditions Catalyzed by Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing Poly(phenolato) Ligand

“…CO 2 is an ideal C1 resource as it is rich, renewable, and nontoxic. − However, its stable thermodynamic properties greatly limit its application. , Cycloaddition of CO 2 and epoxides is a 100% atom-economic reaction which forms cyclic carbonates that have found extensive application as battery electrolyte, pharmaceutical/fine chemical intermediates, polymer and engineering plastic syntheses, aprotic polar solvents, etc. − Reactions of CO 2 and epoxides may also produce polycarbonates, which may be used as food packagings, adhesives, and optical media . A number of catalysts have been developed to catalyze the cycloaddition reaction, including transition metal (e.g., Cr, , Mn, , Fe, − Co, − and Zn), − main group metal (e.g., Al, − Mg, − and Ca), − rare-earth (RE) metal, − and organocatalysts. − …”

Azo‐Functionalized Zirconium‐Based Metal−Organic Polyhedron as an Efficient Catalyst for CO2 Fixation with Epoxides

“…The catalytic performance of Zr-AZDA is comparable to that of the best homogeneous catalyst (such as NaI • 2H 2 O and Co-Salen), [15,18] and Zr-AZDA also shows higher catalytic activity than most of the reported heterogeneous catalysts (such as Basic-Nano-ZSM-5-Pr-MIM-OH, PIPÀ Bn-Cl, PS-ImHI, MgÀ Al mixed Oxide, MgO nanoparticle, IT-POP-1, CNTammonium salt, MOPÀ Zn-1, CuTrp MOF, Helicate cage, Nu-1000 and Hf-NU-1000). [24,25,[27][28][29]31,36,44,55,64,65] Although the catalytic reaction conditions used in the literatures are versatile, in general the Zr-AZDA catalyst has obvious advantages such as mild reaction conditions, solvent-free at atmospheric pressure (1 atm) and higher catalytic activity.…”

“…[54] However, the application of MOPs as Lewis-acid catalysts for CO 2 cycloaddition reaction is rare. [22,55] Recently, a few MOPs that are highly soluble in organic solvents were reported by functionalization with dodecoxyl groups on the framework. [56] The soluble MOPs as homogeneous catalysts would not have the aggregation problem, but the recycling of the MOPs has not been well addressed.…”

Novel Cobalt Complex as an Efficient Catalyst for Converting CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions

“…The IR spectrum of 2 confirmed that the structural integrity of 2 was well maintained after catalysis (Figure 2b). The cycle of the catalytic system was successfully repeated seven times with little change in conversion (Figure 2a The recyclability and stability of a catalyst plays an integral role in practical application [24,28,29]. The recycling experiment was carried out by the optimal reaction conditions obtained under the above experiment, i.e., 60 °C and 10 bar of CO2 and 12 h. 1 mol% of the catalyst and propylene oxide were placed in an autoclave and passed through 10 bar of CO2 for 12 h to calculate the yield.…”