Ametryne and Prometryne as Sulfur Sources for Bacteria

Cook, Alasdair M.; Hütter, Ralf

doi:10.1128/aem.43.4.781-786.1982

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Another limiting substrate used in work with s-triazines is sulphur [50]. The bacteria we isolated have growth yields in the range of 3-6 kg of protein/mol sulphur, which we find to be common [25,94,95].…”

Section: 3 Sulphur Sources"mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This body of knowledge, built on research over 50 years, is usually lacking in work on xenobiotics, so that there is usually no basis for the use of indirect assays in research with xenobiotics, because the identities of substrate and product, cofactor and indeed enzyme, have to be proven before an indirect asgay can be validated. 96 Several surveys ( [18,[48][49][50]: see also [38,51]) of papers on the biodegradation of xenobiotics reveal thorough work (e.g., [52,53]; see also [25]) and an over-abundance (60%) of papers whose results are insufficient to support the claims made (see Table 1). This over-abundance stems from a lack of analytical data and quantitative controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). None of these compounds is known to be a carbon or nitrogen source for growth [18,50] (Table 1), so enrichments were prepared to test the hypothesis [93] that SIIT and SILT are sulphur sources for growth [50].…”

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work with a sulphur limitation requires care to eliminate spurious sources of sulphur; we work with purified sulphur sources at an initial concentration of 20 30 /~M [49,50,94,95], with rerinsed glassware and with incubators free of volatile sulphur sources. We obtained several unidentified bacteria which were able to utilise SIET as sole source of sulphur.…”

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organisms were obtained only from inocula with an extensive history of exposure to striazines [50]. The claim [93] that a culture-collection strain of Aspergillus niger [96] utilizes SIIT as a sulphur source appears to be due to utilisation of traces of contaminant sulfur [50] (section 5.1.3).…”

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodegration of s-triazine xenobiotics

Cook

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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206

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SUMMARYBiodegradation of xenobiotic compounds is examined with s-triazines as an example and with biological treatment of wastewater containing striazines as an aim. s-Triazines have been termed recalcitrant, but examination of the literature indicates that a potential for biodegradation exists. Nitrogen-limited enrichment cultures yield organisms able to degrade by-products of the industrial synthesis of s-triazine herbicides as sources of nitrogen. The choice of inoculum for these enrichments is important and often allows for successful enrichment after simple batch culture, but organisms containing several degradative reactions could be obtained only after selection in extended culture. Routine, specific determinations of all s-triazines (by HPLC) were essential throughout the work. Molar growth yields show complete mass balances for the utilization of s-triazines. Kinetic experiments indicate that specific degradation rates of s-triazines in growing cells are about 0.4 mkat/kg of protein. Characterised biochemical pathways consist of a series of hydrolytic cleavages of chloro-, amino-and alkylaminogroups from the s-triazine ring. Pathways con-

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Section: 3 Sulphur Sources"mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enrichments With a Sulphur Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodegration of s-triazine xenobiotics

Cook

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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206

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Biodegradation of methylthio‐s‐triazines by Rhodococcus sp. strain FJ1117YT, and production of the corresponding methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl and hydroxy analogues

Fujii

Takagi

Hiradate

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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A novel bacterial strain FJ1117YT was isolated from an enrichment culture with the herbicide simetryn. The isolate was capable of degrading the herbicide supplied as the sole sulfur source in an aquatic batch culture. The strain FJ1117YT was identified as that belonging to Rhodococcus sp. on the basis of comparative morphology, physiological characteristics and comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The biodegradation pathway of simetryn was established by isolating the methylsulfinyl analogue as the first metabolite and by identification of the methylsulfonyl intermediate and the hydroxy analogue by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The results indicate that the methylthio group was progressively oxidised and hydrolysed by the strain FJ1117YT. The same strain is also able to metabolise other methylthio-s-triazines such as ametryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn and prometryn through similar pathways.

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Metribuzin degradation in soil: I—effects of soybean residue amendment, metribuzin level, and soil depth

Locke

Harper

1991

Pestic. Sci.

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A BSTRA CT Plant residue and soil depth ejfects on metrihuzin degradation were investigated. Dundee silt loam soil collected at depth increments of0-10 em (SUR) and 10-35 cin (SUB) was treated with labeled Samples were assayed at several time points up to 140 days after treatment. Soybean residue nws added to half of the SUR samples (RES), with remaining SUR unamended (NORES). None of the SUB samples were amended with soybean residue. Metribuzin mineralization to I4CO2 proceeded more slowly in RES and SUB than in NORES and SUR, respectively. Extractable components in SUR samples included polar metabolites, plus deaminated metrihuzin ( D A ) in the RES, and parent metrihuzin in the NORES. Deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK) and metribuzin comprised major I4C components extractedfroni SUB, while in SUR, faster degradation of metabolites resulted in metrirubin as the primary identifiable compound. Unextractable 14C increased until day 35 for both RES and NORES, after which it remained constant for NORES, hut declined for RES. A corresponding rise in RES polar 14C suggested that as soybean residue decomposed, I4C bound in the residue MIUS released as extractable polar material. Soil with soybean residue accumulation r n q alter metabolite degradation patterns, but does not impede initial metribuzin degradation. Depth diffL'renceS in metribuzin degradation were attributed to reductions in microbial activity with increasing soil depth.

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Ametryne and Prometryne as Sulfur Sources for Bacteria

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Biodegration of s-triazine xenobiotics

Biodegration of s-triazine xenobiotics

Biodegradation of methylthio‐s‐triazines by Rhodococcus sp. strain FJ1117YT, and production of the corresponding methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl and hydroxy analogues

Metribuzin degradation in soil: I—effects of soybean residue amendment, metribuzin level, and soil depth

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