Americium biokinetics in benthic organisms as a function of feeding mode

Fowler, Scott W.; Carvalho, Fernando P.

doi:10.1007/bf01636594

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This specific accumulation pattern in muscular tissues is related to the analogous behavior of Cs þ for K þ Smith et al, 2002;Lacoue-Labarthe et al, 2010). The predominant distribution of 241 Am in the calcitic skeleton/ endoskeleton has been shown by several authors (Grillo et al, 1981;Guary et al, 1982;Fowler and Carvalho, 1985). Fowler and Carvalho (1985) demonstrated a positive correlation between the 241 Am CF in different echinoderm species and the proportion of calcitic endoskeleton in the body wall of those species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The predominant distribution of 241 Am in the calcitic skeleton/ endoskeleton has been shown by several authors (Grillo et al, 1981;Guary et al, 1982;Fowler and Carvalho, 1985). Fowler and Carvalho (1985) demonstrated a positive correlation between the 241 Am CF in different echinoderm species and the proportion of calcitic endoskeleton in the body wall of those species. Recently, Zuykov et al (2009) showed a preferential accumulation of 241 Am in the organic periostracum of bivalve's shell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Characterization of 241Am and 134Cs bioaccumulation in the king scallop Pecten maximus: investigation via three exposure pathways

Métian

Warnau

Teyssié

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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In order to understand the bioaccumulation of (241)Am and (134)Cs in scallops living in sediments, the uptake and depuration kinetics of these two elements were investigated in the king scallop Pecten maximus exposed via seawater, food, or sediment under laboratory conditions. Generally, (241)Am accumulation was higher and its retention was stronger than (134)Cs. This was especially obvious when considering whole animals exposed through seawater with whole-body concentration factors (CF(7d)) of 62 vs. 1, absorption efficiencies (A(0l)) of 78 vs. 45 for seawater and biological half-lives (T(b½l)) of 892 d vs. 22 d for (241)Am and (134)Cs, respectively. In contrast, following a single feeding with radiolabelled phytoplankton, the assimilation efficiency (AE) and T(b½l) of (134)Cs were higher than those of (241)Am (AE: 28% vs. 20%; T(b½l): 14 d vs. 9 d). Among scallop tissues, the shells always contained the higher proportion of the total body burden of (241)Am whatever the exposure pathway. In contrast, the whole soft parts presented the major fraction of whole-body burden of (134)Cs, which was generally associated with muscular tissues. Our results showed that the two radionuclides have contrasting behaviors in scallops, in relation to their physico-chemical properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Characterization of 241Am and 134Cs bioaccumulation in the king scallop Pecten maximus: investigation via three exposure pathways

Métian

Warnau

Teyssié

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…This predonlinant distribution of 241Am in the body wall could be due to the particular affinity of the transuranium nuclides for the calcitic endoskeleton which constitutes ca 90% of the echinoid body wall dry weight. Several authors have shown that the major fraction of those radionuclides is always located in the body wall of echinoderms exposed to the contaminant in sea water (Grillo et al 1981, Fowler & Carvalho 1985. Furthermore, Fowler & Carvalho (1985) demonstrated a positlve correldtion between the 241An1 CFin different echinoderm specles and the proportion of calcitic endoskeleton in the body walls of those species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biokinetics of selected heavy metals and radionuclides in the common Mediterranean echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: sea water and food exposures

Warnau¹,

Fowler²

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Uptake and loss kinetics of Zn, Ag, Cd, '=CS, and 241Am by the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus contaminated through either water or food were determined in controlled laboratory radiotracer experiments using low contaminant concentrations. The echinoid efficiently accumulated most of the elements from water. The only exception was '"CS (concentration factor at steady state = 2.71. With respect to relative metal bioavailability, concentrations in the different body compartments of P lividus were generally ranked in the order: digestive wall > gonads 2 body wall >Aristotle's lantern > coelomlc fluid. However, for2''~rn, body wall uptake was as efficient as that of the digestive wall. The loss kinetics for Zn, Ag, and 1 3 4~s were described by a 2-component model whereas loss of Cd and '"'Am was linear during the time course of the experiment. Loss of the different elements was relatively slow, except for 134Cs, whose long-lived loss component was characterized by a biological half-life of 6 d. Loss of the different elements ingested wlth food was described by a single-component model for Cd, '34Cs, and &;'.Am and by a 2-component model for Zn and Ag. Parameters of the kinetics ~n d~c a t e that all (for Cd, I3Ts, and 'j1.4m) or most (for Zn and Ag) of the ingested amount of element is readily lost from the organism with the faeces. However, estimation of the assimilated fraction of elements ingested by the echlnoids suggests that food could contr~bute significantly to the total body burden of Ag in f? lividus.

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“…Certain tissues of benthic decapods show enhanced uptake of americium relative to plutonium (Pentreath 1981). Furthermore, some benthic decapods such as crabs and lobsters have an ability to assimilate a large fraction of the plutonium or americium ingested with their food , Fowler & Carvalho 1985. Given the importance of these crustaceans in marine food chains, and to increase the exlsting transuranic data base, we have undertaken a comparative laboratory study of the transfer of plutonium, americium and neptunium from water and food to some representative decapod crustaceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the transfer of transuranium nuclides in marine decapod crustaceans

Guary¹,

Fowler²

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A series of laboratory radiotracer experiments was carried out to examine the biolunetics of the transuranium nuclides plutonium, americium and neptunium in decapod crustaceans. Crabs Carcinus rnaenas exposed to 2 3 7~~ or 241Am in seawater reached whole body concentration factors (CF) of 75 and 145, respectively, after 8 d. Highest concentration factors for individual tissues were those for gills (CF = 960 for Am, 340 for Pu). For both radionuclides, about 7 0 % of total body burden was associated with the exoskeleton in which Am (CF = 240) was enriched relative to Pu (CF = 70). Elimination of each radionuclide was relatively rapid with biological half-times of 45 and 55 d for Am and Pu, respectively, for the slow release compartment. Because much of the accumulated body burden was associated with the exoskeleton, moulting strongly influenced elimination. 2 3 7~~, 2 4 1~m or 237Np ingested with labelled food by various decapod species were initially excreted with the feces, followed by loss from a soluble radionuclide pool within the animal. Absorption efficiencies for ingested transuranics ranged from 10 to 40 % with hlghest values in the largest decapods (C, lnaenas and Cancer pagurus) examined. Initially, absorbed radionuclides were mostly contained in the hepatopancreas; however, there is evidence for internal transfer of transuranics to other tissues, particularly those associated with the exoskeleton. Such high assimilation efficiencies differ markedly from the few tenths or hundredths of a percent typically found in vertebrate species and thus highlight the ability of decapods to assimilate and retain large fractions of transuranium nuclides incorporated in their prey.

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Americium biokinetics in benthic organisms as a function of feeding mode

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of 241Am and 134Cs bioaccumulation in the king scallop Pecten maximus: investigation via three exposure pathways

Characterization of 241Am and 134Cs bioaccumulation in the king scallop Pecten maximus: investigation via three exposure pathways

Biokinetics of selected heavy metals and radionuclides in the common Mediterranean echinoid Paracentrotus lividus: sea water and food exposures

Experimental study of the transfer of transuranium nuclides in marine decapod crustaceans

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