American Wigeon Mortality Associated With Turf Application of Diazinon Ag500

Kendall, Ronald J.; Brewer, Larry W.; Hitchcock, R. R.; Mayer, James R.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-28.2.263

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Ecotoxicological studies have focused primarily on relationships between contamination of wildlife populations and mortality or teratogenicity (for examples, see Cooper 1991;Kendall et al 1992;Okoniewski and Novesky 1993;Holmes et al 1994). This continues to be an appropriate approach where exposure is high, but exposure to sublethal, lower concentra- tions should not be assumed safe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of Various Environmental Contaminants and Their Relationship to Sex Steroid Concentrations and Phallus Size in Juvenile American Alligators

Guillette

Brock

Rooney

et al. 1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

174

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Recent studies have reported a number of abnormalities in the hatchling and juvenile alligators of Lake Apopka, FL (USA). These abnormalities include modifications of plasma concentrations of sex steroids in males and females as well as abnormalities in gonadal morphology, gonadal enzyme activity, and steroidogenesis. Embryonic exposure to environmental contaminants in the eggs has been hypothesized to be the causal agent for these changes. However, posthatchling exposure can also contribute to changes in reproductive and endocrine functioning. We have detected serum concentrations of 16 of 18 organochlorine pesticides or metabolites (OCs) and 23 of 28 congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) examined in juvenile alligators from Lake Apopka, Orange Lake, and Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge. Lake Apopka juveniles had significantly elevated serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, oxychlordane, SigmaDDTs, and SigmaPCBs compared to juveniles from the other lakes. Further, we observed no correlations between serum contaminant concentrations and sex steroid concentrations (estradiol-17beta and testosterone). However, serum testosterone was significantly lower in males from Lake Apopka and Orange Lake compared to Lake Woodruff NWR. We did not observe relationships between phallus size or other body parameters and serum contaminant levels. Phallus size was smaller in males from Lake Apopka even after adjustment for body size. We suggest that the observations previously reported for juvenile alligators-and observed again in this study-are apparently not associated with the current serum levels of the environmental contaminants we measured, but could be due to exposures during embryonic development to these or other pollutants. Future studies must determine if a causal relationship exists between the contaminants found in alligator eggs and abnormalities observed in the hatchlings and persisting in juveniles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of Various Environmental Contaminants and Their Relationship to Sex Steroid Concentrations and Phallus Size in Juvenile American Alligators

Guillette

Brock

Rooney

et al. 1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

174

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“…In 1995-1996, over 20,000 Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) died in Argentina after they had fed on grasshoppers recently exposed to the insecticide monocrotophos (Woodbridge et al, 1995;Hooper et al, 1999). Similarly in the United States and Canada, American Widgeons (Anas americana) and Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) were found dead on golf courses after feeding on turf that had been treated with the insecticide diazinon (Frank et al, 1991;Kendall et al, 1992). In fact, mortality of wildlife species frequenting agricultural landscapes is thought to be a regular and frequent occurrence with the current suite of insecticides registered in North America Mineau, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Use of Comet and Micronucleus Assays to Measure Genotoxicity in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) Living in Golf Course Ecosystems Exposed to Pesticides

et al. 2005

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a biomonitoring study to measure the effects of pesticide exposure in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) living in golf courses of the Ottawa/Gatineau region of Canada. In this article we present the results from the comet and micronucleus assay. Voles were captured in 2001 and 2002 at five golf courses and two reference sites. Blood was collected from sedated voles. Three animals from each course were euthanized to determine body burdens of historically used organochlorine (OC) and metal-based pesticides. Exposure to in-use pesticides was determined from detailed golf course pesticide use records. Comet tail length and tail moment were not related to body burdens of OC pesticides and metals historically used on these golf courses. In generally, tail length and moment significantly decreased in relation to days since last application of a pesticide, and to days since the last application of a specific fungicide (Daconil) containing a potentially genotoxic active ingredient (chlorothalonil). The slopes of these curves in 2002 were not significantly different than the half-life decay curve of chlorothalonil on vegetation. Both comet assay parameters appeared to increase in a dose-dependent manner with the amount of the last application Daconil. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was not related to any pesticide application parameter.

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“…Sudden on-site mortality, however, may be an important indicator and guide for further investigation [76]. It is possible that death can occur off site and with an extended period of time after exposure.…”

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Wildlife Exposed to Agrochemicals: An Ecological Risk Assessment Perspective

Kendall¹,

Akerman²

1992

Environ Toxicol Chem

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-Ecological risk assessment of wildlife exposed to agrochemicals addresses hazard and exposure to at least qualify and attempt to quantify the ecological risk. To accomplish a present-day ecological risk assessment in wildlife toxicology, data must be available from several disciplines: analytical toxicology/environmental chemistry, biochemical toxicology, and wildlife ecology/ecotoxicology. This interdisciplinary approach, essential in wildlife toxicology for the assessment of the chemical effects on the reproduction, health, and well-being of wildlife, makes it difficult to rapidly generate the data necessary for ecological risk assessments. However, as the field has evolved, it has become clear that interdisciplinary cooperation is critical to provide the complex data sets required for the registration and reregistration of pesticide products by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The science of ecological risk assessment for terrestrial wildlife exposed to agrochemicals advanced rapidly during the decade of the 1980s and into the 1990s. The ecological risk assessment process will continue to improve as a result of improved data sets available for conduct of such assessments. Addressing the ecological risks associated with the use of an agricultural chemical involves a complex array of laboratory and field studies, in essence, a research program.

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American Wigeon Mortality Associated With Turf Application of Diazinon Ag500

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Serum Concentrations of Various Environmental Contaminants and Their Relationship to Sex Steroid Concentrations and Phallus Size in Juvenile American Alligators

Serum Concentrations of Various Environmental Contaminants and Their Relationship to Sex Steroid Concentrations and Phallus Size in Juvenile American Alligators

Use of Comet and Micronucleus Assays to Measure Genotoxicity in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) Living in Golf Course Ecosystems Exposed to Pesticides

Terrestrial Wildlife Exposed to Agrochemicals: An Ecological Risk Assessment Perspective

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