“…Concurrent with the drastic socio-economic and political upheavals around the turn of the century, the social value of childhood and children was also shifting. As North America became increasingly industrialized in the late nineteenth century, leaving behind its agricultural roots, the role of child as labourer was replaced by a more sacred, symbolic function (Rotman Zelizer, 1983, 1994Mickenberg, 2006). Julia L. Mickenberg (2006) writes that the new, 'priceless' child was also increasingly studied, codified, regulated, and protected through the new fields of paediatrics and child psychology, new agencies devoted to child welfare such as the Children 's Bureau (established in 1912), and the rise of compulsory schooling, child study programs, and "scientific" regimes of parenting, (pg 1218)…”