American Shad Feeding on Spawning Grounds in the St. Johns River, Florida

Harris, Julianne E.; McBride, Richard S.

doi:10.1577/t08-135.1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The cessation of feeding while spawning is widely observed in many diadromous fish (Bernatchez and Dodson ); however, recent studies show evidence negating this behavior in several alosine species (Walter and Olney ; Simonin et al. ; Harris and McBride ; McBride et al. ; Nachón et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Paradigm in Alewife Migration: Oscillations between Spawning Grounds and Estuarine Habitats

et al. 2019

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The current paradigm in Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus migrations is shifting from a single reproductive event and rapid movement in and out of freshwater to one that recognizes more nuanced movements and asynchronous batch spawning. In this study, Alewives (n = 72) were acoustically tagged in the Carmans River, Long Island, New York, a small coastal river with restored fish passage. Our objective was to examine fine-scale spatial movements in the tidal and reconnected habitats to identify spawning behavior patterns, including habitat use and spawning periodicity, that can be applied to fishway restoration and species management. Alewives that completed their spawning migration (n = 27) exhibited variability in posttagging trajectories, residency, passage rate, and behavior. The current paradigm consisting of a single upstream migration followed by a downstream migration was only seen in 26% (n = 7) of fish, while 41% (n = 11) deviated from the paradigm and made multiple reversals and numerous movements on and off the spawning grounds. Oscillations spanned from the estuary into the reconnected habitat and resulted in a proportionally large amount of time spent in the estuarine and brackish habitats. Some oscillations also consisted of multiple fishway passage events within a season. Oscillation behavior is likely a naturally occurring spawning strategy that has gone undetected. Consequently, the proportion of individuals of a population that display single versus multiple passage events could result in fishway counts that bias run size estimations and thus population assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Paradigm in Alewife Migration: Oscillations between Spawning Grounds and Estuarine Habitats

et al. 2019

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“…American shad adults of the size modeled here consume zooplankton ranging in size from approximately 400 µm-30 mm (e.g. Cirripedia larvae, calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, and mysid juveniles) [34][35][36]. Thus, the particles used in the experiments were at the smaller end of the size range reported for adult American shad feeding, relative to the scale of the gill rakers in the physical models.…”

Section: Recirculating Flume Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biomimetic models of fish gill rakers as lateral displacement arrays for particle separation

Witkop,

Van Wassenbergh,

Heideman

et al. 2023

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Ram suspension-feeding fish such as herring use gill rakers to separate small food particles from large water volumes while swimming forward with an open mouth. Fish gill raker function was tested using 3D-printed conical models and computational fluid dynamics simulations over a range of slot aspect ratios. Our hypothesis predicting the exit of particles based on mass flow rates, dividing streamlines (i.e., stagnation streamlines) at the slots between gill rakers, and particle size was supported by the results of experiments with physical models in a recirculating flume. Particle movement in suspension-feeding fish gill raker models was consistent with the physical principles of lateral displacement arrays (“bump arrays”) for microfluidic and mesofluidic separation of particles by size. Although particles were smaller than the slots between rakers, particles skipped over the vortical region that was generated downstream from each raker. Particles “bumped” on anterior raker surfaces during posterior transport. Experiments in a recirculating flume demonstrated that the shortest distance between the dividing streamline and the raker surface preceding the slot predicts the maximum radius of a particle that will exit from the model by passing through the slot. This theoretical maximum radius is analogous to the critical separation radius identified with reference to the stagnation streamlines in microfluidic and mesofluidic devices that use deterministic lateral displacement and sieve-based lateral displacement. These conclusions provide new perspectives and metrics for analyzing crossflow and cross-step filtration in fish with applications to filtration engineering.

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“…Most acoustic telemetry studies for American Shad and other alosines have used a gastric insertion method (Acolas et al 2004). It has been suggested that American Shad are “fragile” (Hendricks 2003) and that the gastric implantation technique may result in low tagging mortality and limited behavioral effects during the spawning migration because American Shad feed little in fresh water (Walter and Olney 2003; Harris and McBride 2009). However, a gastric tag could interfere with feeding or be excreted; thus, a gastric tag may reduce the number of American Shad that are detected to repeat spawn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Acoustic Telemetry to Identify Spawning River and Spawning Migration Patterns of American Shad in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina

Mack

White

Rohde

2021

N American J Fish Manag

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American Shad Alosa sapidissima is an economically, culturally, and ecologically important anadromous species that undertakes a significant spawning migration, swimming from the ocean into areas far upstream in coastal rivers to reproduce. The species has a large range in the western Atlantic, occurring from Nova Scotia to Florida. However, because American Shad generally return to their natal rivers to spawn, each major river likely has its own spawning stock. Fish that are entering the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, to spawn primarily ascend one of two rivers at the far western end of the estuary: the Roanoke River or the Chowan River. Determining the current primary spawning river for American Shad in the Albemarle Sound would help inform research efforts and resource management decisions to improve stocks. American Shad were captured in the Albemarle Sound, tagged with sonic transmitters, and tracked using an array of acoustic receivers. Of the 62 fish that made detectable migrations during the six study years, 55 ascended the Chowan River, while only 5 ascended the Roanoke River and 2 entered other rivers. These telemetry results suggest that the Chowan River and its tributaries are the major spawning rivers for American Shad in the Albemarle Sound.

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American Shad Feeding on Spawning Grounds in the St. Johns River, Florida

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

A New Paradigm in Alewife Migration: Oscillations between Spawning Grounds and Estuarine Habitats

A New Paradigm in Alewife Migration: Oscillations between Spawning Grounds and Estuarine Habitats

Biomimetic models of fish gill rakers as lateral displacement arrays for particle separation

Use of Acoustic Telemetry to Identify Spawning River and Spawning Migration Patterns of American Shad in the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina

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