American Sexual Offender Castration Treatment and Legislation

Busto, Elena del; Harlow, Michael

doi:10.1002/9781119990420.ch29

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there is a reluctance to endorse them. According to del Busto and Harlow (2011), the American Medical Association (AMA) is opposed to physicians participating in surgical castration or engaging in medical practices that serve to punish rather than treat (p. 551). Concerns also focus on whether the treatments violate offenders’ human rights (del Busto & Harlow, 2011, p. 552).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Offender Recidivism Revisited

Kim

Benekos

Merlo

2015

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effectiveness of sex offender treatment programs continues to generate misinformation and disagreement. Some literature reviews conclude that treatment does not reduce recidivism while others suggest that specific types of treatment may warrant optimism. The principal purpose of this study is to update the most recent meta-analyses of sex offender treatments and to compare the findings with an earlier study that reviewed the meta-analytic studies published from 1995 to 2002. More importantly, this study examines effect sizes across different age populations and effect sizes across various sex offender treatments. Results of this review of meta-analyses suggest that sex offender treatments can be considered as "proven" or at least "promising," while age of participants and intervention type may influence the success of treatment for sex offenders. The implications of these findings include achieving a broader understanding of intervention moderators, applying such interventions to juvenile and adult offenders, and outlining future areas of research.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Offender Recidivism Revisited

Kim

Benekos

Merlo

2015

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of castration as a sentencing modality in the United States has been controversial. Scholars have questioned the constitutionality of laws mandating chemically induced castration 1 (e.g., Beckman, 1997; Fitzgerald, 1990; Lombardo, 1997; Mancini & Mears, 2013; Scott & Holmberg, 2003), raising many legal and ethical issues surrounding these treatments (Beauregard & Lieb, 2011; del Busto & Harlow, 2011; Mancini, Barnes, & Mears, 2011; Scott & Holmberg, 2003; Tregilgas, 2010). One of the assumptions behind such laws is that through chemical or surgical treatment aimed at reducing testosterone levels, sex offenders’ sexual urges will be reduced thus reducing the risk of recidivism (American Psychiatric Association, 1999; Scott & Holmberg, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Sex Offenders Have Higher Levels of Testosterone? Results From a Meta-Analysis

Wong

Gravel

2016

Sex Abuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the current study is to review the available scientific evidence on the relationship between testosterone and sexual aggression. A systematic search for all primary studies comparing basal testosterone levels in sex offenders and non-sex offenders was undertaken across 20 electronic databases using an explicit search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of seven studies were identified and 11 effect sizes were computed; effects were pooled using both fixed and random effects meta-analysis models. Although individual study findings present a mix of results wherein sex offenders have higher or lower baseline levels of testosterone than non-sex offenders, pooled results indicate no overall difference between groups. Moderators of the analyses suggest possibly lower rates of testosterone in child molesters than controls; however, results are dependent on study weighting. Limitations, policy implications with respect to chemical castration laws, and future directions for research are discussed.

show abstract

“…In two skeletons of Chinese eunuchs from the Ming Dynasty, linear enamel hypoplasia lesions, evidence of alveolar abscess, alveolar bone (AB) resorption and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases were detected (Eng et al, ). In the United States, there is a sizable number of castrated (either surgical or chemical) men due to treatment for testicular and prostate cancer, sexual reassignment surgery, traumatic accidents, self‐mutilation, intentional criminal acts, and chemical castration of sex offenders (D'Ancona and Debruyne, ; Scher et al, ; del Busto and Harlow, ; Kessler et al, ). As far as can be determined, the impacts on oral health of reduced sex steroids in these populations have not been the subject of any studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%