American Healthy Homes Survey: A National Study of Residential Related Hazards

Bradham, Karen D.; Highsmith, R; Sheldon, Linda; Friedman, William H.; Pinzer, Eugene A.; Ashley, Peter; Stout, D; Harper, S; Vesper, Stephen; Jones, Patrice D.; Medina-Vera, Myriam; Fortmann, Roy C.; Coppedge, E; Croghan, Carry; Cox, David N.; Dewalt, Gary

doi:10.1097/00001648-200611001-01160

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) was performed via a collaboration between the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. EPA and aimed to provide representative data sets of priority contaminants in U.S. households by collecting samples from 1146 homes. − Monitored contaminants included lead (Pb), arsenic (As), allergens, mold, and pesticides in mediums such as soil, house dust, and paint. Sampling for the study was conducted between June 2005 and March 2006 by trained field teams that consisted of an interviewer and a state-certified Pb-based paint inspector/risk assessor for each Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) . In addition to sample collection, technicians also recorded house and exposure information, including year built, resident pets and animal type, pesticide use, and water damage.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were collected from public and private housing units across the United States and were selected from permanently occupied, noninstitutional units, where children would be likely to reside. A detailed summary of the AHHS sample selection and strategy is provided in the Supporting Information. , …”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dust and soil samples were collected and composited from each housing unit selected for the study. − Dust samples were prepared from samples provided by study participants. During the home survey, residents were asked to provide either contents of their vacuum cleaner or the entire vacuum bag.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) was developed to perform a U.S.-focused evaluation of household Pb exposure from house dust and soil, in addition to other potential household contaminants and allergens (see the Materials and Methods section ). 19 The study, led by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was implemented from 2005 to 2011 and showcased findings for a variety of residential hazards (e.g., lead/arsenic, mold, insecticides, etc.). 20,21 Using a small number of individual house dust and residential soils collected in the AHHS, we investigated XAS-resolved Pb speciation and in vivo Pb RBA with the objective of better understanding the relation between Pb phases and bioavailability in this environmental medium.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species

Sowers

Nelson

Diamond

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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House dust and soils can be major sources of lead (Pb) exposure for children. The American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) was developed to estimate Pb exposure from house dust and soil, in addition to other potential household contaminants and allergens. We have combined Xray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) fingerprinting and in vivo mouse relative bioavailability (RBA) measurements for a subset of house dust and residential soils collected in the AHHS, with the primary objective of gaining a better understanding of determinants of house dust Pb bioavailability. Lead speciation was well related to variations in RBA results and revealed that highly bioavailable Pb (hydroxy)carbonate (indicative of Pb-based paint) was the major Pb species present in house dusts. Measured Pb RBA was up to 100% and is likely driven by paint Pb. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo Pb RBA for U.S. house dust contaminated in situ with paint Pb and corroborates results from a previous study that demonstrated high RBA of paint Pb added to soil. We also report a relatively low RBA (23%) in a residential soil where the major Pb species was found to be plumbojarosite, consistent with a previous report that plumbojarosite lowers Pb RBA in soils.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species

Sowers

Nelson

Diamond

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A test house study of pesticides and pesticide degradation products following an indoor application

Starr

Gemma²,

Graham

et al. 2014

Indoor Air

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Exposure to preexisting pesticide degradates may inflate estimates of exposure in biomonitoring studies where these compounds are used as biomarkers. To date, there is no published information on formation of pesticide degradates following an indoor application. We found that the study pesticides have low rates of degradation and are unlikely to be a significant factor affecting results of short-term (weeks) biomonitoring studies. Therefore, relatively few indoor samples are needed to estimate background levels of degradation products resulting from a recent pesticide application.

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Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

Rasmussen

Kubwabo

Gardner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study investigates associations between house characteristics and chemical contaminants in house dust, collected under the nationally representative Canadian House Dust Study (2007–2010). Vacuum samples (<80 µm fraction) were analysed for over 200 synthetic organic compounds and metal(loid)s. Spearman rank correlations between contaminant concentrations in dust and presence of children and pets, types of flooring, heating styles and other characteristics suggested a number of indoor sources, pointing to future research directions. Numerous synthetic organics were significantly associated with reported use of room deodorizers and with the presence of cats in the home. Hardwood flooring, which is a manufactured wood product, emerged as a source of metal(loid)s, phthalates, organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers, and obsolete organochlorine pesticides such as ∑DDT (but not halogenated flame retardants). Many metal(loid)s were significantly correlated with flame-retardant compounds used in building materials and heating systems. Components of heating appliances and heat distribution systems appeared to contribute heat-resistant chemicals and alloys to settled dust. Carpets displayed a dual role as both a source and repository of dust-borne contaminants. Contaminant loadings (<80 µm fraction) were significantly elevated in heavily carpeted homes, particularly those located near industry. Depending on the chemical (and its source), the results show that increased dust mass loading may enrich or dilute chemical concentrations in dust. Research is needed to improve the characterisation of hidden indoor sources such as flame retardants used in building materials and heating systems, or undisclosed ingredients used in common household products, such as air fresheners and products used for companion animals.

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American Healthy Homes Survey: A National Study of Residential Related Hazards

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species

High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species

A test house study of pesticides and pesticide degradation products following an indoor application

Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust

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