American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae

Genersch, Elke

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.015

Cited by 431 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…This is remarkable because honey harbors very low numbers of viable bacteria (Tysset et al 1980;Snowdon and Cliver 1996;Gilliam 1997;Iurlina and Fritz 2005;López and Alippi 2007;Loncaric et al 2009;Kačániová et al 2009) due to its antimicrobial properties (White et al 1963;Molan 1992aMolan , b, 2001Taormina et al 2001;Lusby et al 2005;Gomes et al 2010;Kwakman et al 2010). Exceptions are sporeforming bacteria like P. larvae, causative agent of American Foulbrood (Genersch 2010); C. botulinum, facultative pathogen for humans (Brook 2007); and other spore-forming bacteria primarily Bacillus and relatives (Iurlina and Fritz 2005), which is not inactivated by the inhibitory properties of honey. The representative of PSG4, strain 125, exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.4%) with the type strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (X95923), and it can be considered as a representative of the genus Stenotrophomonas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of selected Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated from honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica)

et al. 2011

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-This study was conducted to improve the knowledge about bacteria associated with honey bees, Apis mellifera carnica. In this survey, the diversity of Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated and cultivated from pollen loads, honey sac, freshly stored nectar, and honey was investigated. Bacteria were characterized by a polyphasic approach. Based on morphological and physiological characteristics and comparison of isolates protein patterns after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 11 protein similarity groups were established and confirmed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. One isolate, representing a protein similarity group (representative strain), was characterized in more detail by analysis of respiratory quinones, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Based on the results of these examinations, seven representative strains were identified as members of the genus Pseudomonas. The remaining representative strains were allocated to the genera Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, and Commamonas.bacterial diversity / PCR / honey / honey bees / 16S rDNA gene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of selected Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated from honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica)

et al. 2011

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“…The remains of the larvae finally form a hard scale in the bottom of the cell. Such scales contain millions of bacterial spores that remain viable for decades (Genersch 2010;Hasemann 1961).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of using bee and hive debris samples for the detection of American foulbrood disease in honey bee colonies

Forsgren

Laugen

2013

Apidologie

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-The objective of this study was to compare how well the detection of Paenibacillus larvae in samples of live bees or in accumulated winter debris collected from the bottom of beehives relates to symptoms of American foulbrood in honey bee colonies. Fifty-eight colonies in one commercial beekeeping operation were inspected for disease symptoms and assayed for P. larvae using culture-based techniques and PCR. The results show that culture-based techniques are more accurate than recently published PCR methods for detecting the bacterium in clinically diseased colonies, and that the prognostic value of bacterial colony counts from bee samples is superior to colony counts from debris. However, if the objective is to monitor the prevalence of the bacterium irrespective of disease symptoms, the preferable method is PCR analysis of accumulated winter hive debris.American foulbrood / Paenibacillus larvae / culture / PCR / logistic regression

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“…The pollination services of honeybees are crucial in food production and the disappearance or decline of honeybee populations could result in not only a depleted and very uniform diet for mankind (Klein et al 2007) but also in a reduction in agricultural production and hence a threat to world food security (van Engelsdorp & Meixner 2010). At present, the development of the bee industry worldwide is constrained by bee diseases and consequent colony and economic losses (Neumann & Carreck 2010;Genersch 2010). African honeybees seem healthier and no large-scale deleterious effects have been reported in spite of the fact that all the major diseases (local or introduced) and honeybee pests and parasites are present with the exception of the Tropilaelaps mites (Dietemann et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Honeybee Disease American Foulbrood — An African Perspective

et al. 2011

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Sustaining apiculture worldwide has been threatened by bee diseases and unexplained colony losses. African honeybee populations seem healthier and no major losses have been reported despite the presence of all the major pests and diseases. The scattered colonies in the large wild population of the continent might ensure slow pathogen spread and thus protect the unmanaged colonies in comparison with the concentration of colonies in managed apiaries. Beekeeping and trade in bee products is responsible for spreading many diseases throughout the world. The recent outbreak of the bacterial disease American foulbrood (AFB) in South Africa is a matter of great concern. Despite a growing number of apiaries testing positive for AFB, no major colony losses have been reported yet. This could be based on higher disease resistance of African honeybees, but such a trait might not persist if pathogens accumulate in the hives. In the first part of this article we review what is known on the history, biology and epidemiology of AFB as well as the control methods available. We then argue that given the particular context of honeybees in Africa, protection policies need to be put in place to ensure that African honeybees remain healthy.

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American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae

Cited by 431 publications

References 119 publications

Characterization of selected Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated from honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica)

Characterization of selected Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated from honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica)

Prognostic value of using bee and hive debris samples for the detection of American foulbrood disease in honey bee colonies

The Honeybee Disease American Foulbrood — An African Perspective

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