American Dual Containment in Asia

Kelly, Robert E.

doi:10.1080/14650041003718325

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the degree of success of American foreign policy in Asia was less miraculous to that of the Marshall Plan in Europe. The form of the threat, as well as the sphere of the perceived danger, never embodied the degree of concerns tantamount to that of the Soviet Union and American allies in Western Europe, but rather the United States stressed the significance to contain China's development in the region (Kelly, 2010). Only when the threat of ideological alteration went into play later on in Vietnam, the US began to initially assert defensive mechanism as a response to the expansion of communist North Vietnam to the generally-liberal US-friendly South Vietnam.…”

Section: Containment In Southeast Asia: Mishaps and Repercussionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transformation of The Us Foreign Aid within Southeast Asia: An Analysis Before, During, and After The Cold War

Putra¹

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Social Sciences

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Due to the dissemination of democratic philosophy in the mostly-developing ten Southeast Asian nations following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States has been aggressively applying long-term commitments to address and endorse the issue of democratization by granting or loaning financial aid to local governments, non-governmental organizations, and other politically-strategic groups. This research aims to explain the development of US foreign aid in Southeast Asia prior, during and following the Cold War by utilizing qualitative historical discourse as well as its impact on the region's democratization. The qualitative historical research reveals that in the past, American foreign policy implemented in Asian countries contributed to the internal instability of most Southeast Asian countries during the Cold War. The Cold-War era policies in Asia tended to support autocratic, oppressive, militaristic regimes to combat communist ideology. There are strong correlations between American Post-Cold War democracy aid and the reduction of civil war outbreak, which renders the hypothesis that the disbursement of US Democracy Aid helps to reduce the civil disharmony in democratizing Southeast Asian countries after the Cold War. The conclusive outcome from this thesis concerns about the ongoing aid-giving practices and the potential policy-making promotion in the foreseeable future for the US.

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Section: Containment In Southeast Asia: Mishaps and Repercussionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transformation of The Us Foreign Aid within Southeast Asia: An Analysis Before, During, and After The Cold War

Putra¹

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Social Sciences

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“…In the 19th and 20th centuries, the US and Britain, sometimes in tandem, sometimes at odds, mixed international economic hegemony with a security role of offshore balancing (Gilpin, 1981; Kindleberger, 1996; Layne, 2007). Together they defeated or contained various Eurasian revisionists for two centuries (Kelly, 2010). A Nuclear Peace too would fit here.…”

Section: Theory Of a Paxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ‘Confucian Long Peace’ in pre-Western East Asia?

Kelly

2011

European Journal of International Relations

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International Relations theory about East Asia has increasingly argued that East Asia before Western penetration enjoyed a protracted peace. As explanations, a Chinese military hegemony would fit realist theory fairly well, while a cultural peace based on shared Confucian norms would be a significant anomaly. A Confucian Long Peace challenges widely held, albeit Eurocentric, realist presumptions including the perils of anarchy, the arms-racing and misperception of the security dilemma, and the regularity of power balancing. This article therefore investigates, first, whether such a peace did in fact exist, and, second, whether this might be attributed to Confucianism. A cultural peace theory requires a strong anti-war cultural norm and a shared sense of community. Skepticism is established by examining three comparative cultural spaces that nonetheless did not enjoy a culturally informed peace: the classical Greek citystate system, early modern Christendom, and the contemporary Arab state system. All were deeply riven and competitive. Nevertheless, empirical investigation of the last Chinese (Qing) dynasty before the Western arrival (1644-1839) demonstrates that it was remarkably peaceful toward its Confucian neighbors, while more 'normally' exploiting its power asymmetry against non-Confucian ones. Processtracing specialized Chinese practices toward fellow Confucians suggests that the low Confucian war finding emanates from cultural restraint.

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“…Using Power Transition theory, Kelly predicts that if the United States, along with its allies, were to balance the rise of China, it would reap enormous benefits from such a strategy as opposed to its more recent record of intervention (Kelly R., 2015). Other scholars argue for a more veiled approach to containment, and thus call for a soft balancing whereby the US strengthens its allies (Burgess, 2016).…”

Section: Emphasizing the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Anxieties and Alliances: Balancing the Rise of China

Crank¹

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American Dual Containment in Asia

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

The Transformation of The Us Foreign Aid within Southeast Asia: An Analysis Before, During, and After The Cold War

The Transformation of The Us Foreign Aid within Southeast Asia: An Analysis Before, During, and After The Cold War

A ‘Confucian Long Peace’ in pre-Western East Asia?

Asian Anxieties and Alliances: Balancing the Rise of China

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