American College of Radiology White Paper on Radiation Dose in Medicine

Amis, Edward S.; Butler, Priscilla F.; Applegate, Kimberly E.; Birnbaum, Steven; Brateman, Libby; Hevezi, James M.; Mettler, Fred A.; Morin, Richard L.; Pentecost, Michael J.; Smith, Geoffrey G.; Strauss, Keith J.; Zeman, Robert K.

doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2007.03.002

Cited by 805 publications

(402 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The typical lag period between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis is at least 5 years, 3 and in most cases, the lag period may be 1 or 2 decades or longer. 7 Most of the evidence on radiation-induced cancer risk comes from 4 groups: Japanese atomic bomb survivors, medically exposed populations, occupationally exposed groups, and environmentally exposed groups. 8 Of these groups, the Japanese atomic bomb survivors provide by far the most robust data.…”

Section: Radiation Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more hesitation is merited in the use of moderately high doses of radiation in pregnant or younger patients, in women undergoing chest CT, in patients who have a high body mass index (BMI), or in those who are undergoing multiphasic CT. Conversely, given the typical lag period of 1 to 2 decades or more 7 between radiation exposure and cancer diagnosis, radiation dose may not be of concern in some very ill or very elderly patients.…”

Section: Radiation Dose From Imaging Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging

Lin

2010

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

426

256

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This review provides a practical overview of the excess cancer risks related to radiation from medical imaging. Primary care physicians should have a basic understanding of these risks. Because of recent attention to this issue, patients are more likely to express concerns over radiation risk. In addition, physicians can play a role in reducing radiation risk to their patients by considering these risks when making imaging referrals. This review provides a brief overview of the evidence pertaining to low-level radiation and excess cancer risks and addresses the radiation doses and risks from common medical imaging studies. Specific subsets of patients may be at greater risk from radiation exposure, and radiation risk should be considered carefully in these patients. Recent technical innovations have contributed to lowering the radiation dose from computed tomography, and the referring physician should be aware of these innovations in making imaging referrals. Proc. 2010;85(12):1142-1146 ASIR = adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction; BMI = body mass index; CT = computed tomography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging Mayo Clin

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Section: Radiation Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Dose From Imaging Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging

Lin

2010

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

426

256

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“…Altogether, these findings emphasize the need to begin tracking at least the CT-related exposure, as recently suggested by the American College of Radiology, 27 to develop and increment alternative strategies to reduce patient-specific radiation burden. The most effective way to reduce the population dose from CT is simply to decrease the number of CT studies that are prescribed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Estimated Radiation Exposure from Medical Imaging in Hemodialysis Patients

Mauri¹,

Brambilla²,

Chiarinotti³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Radiation exposure accompanying medical imaging associates with cancer risk. Patients with recurrent or chronic diseases may be especially at risk, because they may undergo more of these procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the individual cumulative effective doses (CEDs), which quantify radiation from medical imaging procedures, in a cohort of 106 hemodialysis patients during a median follow-up of 3 years. We retrospectively calculated individual radiation exposures by collecting the number and type of radiologic procedures from hospital records. We also estimated organ doses for computed tomography procedures. The mean and median annual CEDs were 21.9 and 11.7 mSv per patient-year, respectively. The mean and median total CEDs per patient during the study period were 57.7 and 27.3 mSv, respectively. By radiation dose group, we classified 22 patients as low (Ͻ3 mSv/yr), 51 as moderate (3 to Ͻ20 mSv/yr), 22 as high (20 to Ͻ50 mSv/yr), and 11 as very high (Ն50 mSv/yr). Seventeen patients had a total CED Ͼ100 mSv, a value associated with a substantial increase in risk for cancer-related mortality. Of the total CED,s 76% was a result of CT scanning. The annual CED significantly associated with age and transplant waitlist status. In summary, this study shows that a significant fraction of surviving hemodialysis patients during a 3-year period receives estimated radiation doses that may put them at an increased risk for cancer.

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“…A statutory warning must accompany any MDCT imaging technology used to evaluate women with infertility because X-rays have been listed as a carcinogen, and it is well known that CT scanners have many a time flouted norms on maximal permissible radiation dose levels [11,12]. Other drawbacks of virtual HSG include the need for a trained CT technician, the availability of expensive CT scanner which are out of reach for many women in rural centers, complex reconstruction software, and the need for non-metallic cannulas and specula to prevent artifacts on CT scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Hysterosalpingography: Its Place in the Workup of Infertile Women

Desai¹

2015

J Obstet Gynecol India

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American College of Radiology White Paper on Radiation Dose in Medicine

Cited by 805 publications

References 23 publications

Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging

Radiation Risk From Medical Imaging

Estimated Radiation Exposure from Medical Imaging in Hemodialysis Patients

Virtual Hysterosalpingography: Its Place in the Workup of Infertile Women

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