American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease

“…In the general population, coronary artery calcium (CAC) is also strongly associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the prevalence and amount of CAC are consistently higher in those with clinical coronary artery disease [2,3]. High levels of CAC have also been associated with increased risk for future development of CVD in most, but not all, studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis: The goals of this study were to determine whether coronary calcium is associated with the presence of clinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes and if the measurement of abdominal aortic calcium may have an independent or added benefit as a surrogate marker for clinical vascular disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study of subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in seven medical centres in the USA participating in a Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of glycaemic control. Enrolled subjects included 309 veterans over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes, with or without stable cardiovascular disease, who had inadequate glycaemic control (HbA 1 c>7.5%) on oral agents and/or insulin. The study assessed lifestyle behaviours, standard cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery and abdominal aorta calcification by electron beam computed tomography. Results: Subjects with coronary artery or abdominal aorta calcification present had a strikingly higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease and all combined cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of each condition increased from 5-to 13-fold with increasing quintiles of coronary artery calcification and from 2-to 3-fold with increasing abdominal aorta calcification. These associations persisted after adjustment for lifestyle behaviours and standard cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions/ interpretation: These results support the notion that vascular calcium in type 2 diabetes provides additional information beyond that of standard risk factors in identifying the presence of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical measures of atherosclerosis such as arterial calcification may help more precisely stratify these individuals and alert healthcare providers to those individuals who have particularly accelerated atherosclerosis.

show abstract

“…Variable amounts of calcification may indicate regression or progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) [4]. The normal progression of coronary calcification is approximately represented by 14-27% (average 24%, [5]) increase of the calcium score per year that may be enhanced up to 33-48% for patients with significant coronary disease [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interscan reproducibility of EBCT scanning has been shown to have poor to fair values ranging from 14 to 51% mean variability depending on scan technique and scoring method [4,9,10]. High variability is particularly present for small amounts of calcification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility of coronary calcium quantification in repeat examinations with retrospectively ECG-gated multisection spiral CT

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High reproducibility is a key requirement for coronary calcium scoring in follow-up examinations. We investigated the interexamination reproducibility of calcium scoring with retrospectively ECG-gated multisection spiral CT (MSCT). Fifty patients were examined twice with MSCT. Slices were reconstructed with retrospective ECG gating in the diastolic phase with 3-mm slice width and up to 125-ms temporal resolution. We calculated the Agatston score, calcium volume with and without isotropic interpolation, and calcium mass, and derived the mean and median variability. We investigated the change of variability with use of 3-mm nonoverlapping and overlapping increments (2, 1.5, 1 mm). Use of overlapping increment results in considerably reduced interscan variability. We observed a minimum mean variability of 12% and a minimum median variability of 9% for the Agatston score. For volume and mass quantification we obtained a minimum mean variability of 7.5% and a minimum median variability of 5%. Multisection spiral CT enables coronary calcium quantification with high reproducibility in follow-up examinations mainly founded on image data with reduced partial-volume errors due to overlapping increment.

show abstract

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease

Cited by 523 publications

References 63 publications

Coronary artery calcification and emphysema

Coronary artery calcification and emphysema

Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Reproducibility of coronary calcium quantification in repeat examinations with retrospectively ECG-gated multisection spiral CT

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About