American cockroaches prefer four cardinal geomagnetic positions at rest

Půžová, Tereza; Vácha, Martin; Kvíćalová, Markéta

doi:10.1163/000579509x12580965484148

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…blowflies (Calliphora erythrocephala), houseflies (Musca domestica), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) (Becker, 1963;Becker and Speck, 1964;Wehner and Labhart, 1970), as well as in honeybees (Apis mellifera) (Martin and Lindauer, 1977). A more recent study of resting American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) also found a quadramodal magnetic preference coinciding with the cardinal compass axes (Vácha et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A double-blind experiment in which larvae were tested in the presence and absence of directional earth-strength magnetic cues confirmed that the quadramodal alignment is dependent on the magnetic field, and that no alternative, nonmagnetic cue was present in the testing environment (Fig.3). Although quadramodal compass responses appear to be widespread in insects (Roonwal, 1958;Becker and Speck, 1964;Becker, 1976;Martin and Lindauer, 1977;Vácha et al, 2010), the sensory mechanism(s) mediating this behavior has yet to be identified. As discussed earlier, there are two candidate mechanisms proposed to mediate magnetoreception in terrestrial organisms: (1) a magnetite-based mechanism (MBM), based on single-domain or interacting superparamagnetic particles of magnetite believed to produce mechanical deformation of, or torque on, cell membrane structures that activate a coupled transduction mechanism (Winklhofer and Kirschvink, 2010) or, in the case of freely rotating single-domain particles, to secondarily affect the rate of intracellular free-radical reactions that influence the opening or closing of membrane channels; and (2) a photoreceptor-based mechanism involving a specialized class of photopigments (cryptochromes) that form photo-excited radical pair intermediates sensitive to magnetic fields (radical pair mechanism or RPM) that in some animals may cause the magnetic field to be perceived as a pattern of light intensity superimposed on the animal's surroundings (Ritz et al, 2000;Phillips et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice.

Painter

Dommer

Altizer

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Drosophila melanogaster exhibited quadramodal orientation with clusters of bearings along the four anti-cardinal compass directions (i.e. 45, 135, 225 and 315deg). In double-blind experiments, Canton-S Drosophila larvae also exhibited quadramodal orientation in the presence of an earth-strength magnetic field, while this response was abolished when the horizontal component of the magnetic field was cancelled, indicating that the quadramodal behavior is dependent on magnetic cues, and that the spontaneous alignment response may reflect properties of the underlying magnetoreception mechanism. In addition, a re-analysis of data from studies of learned magnetic compass orientation by adult Drosophila melanogaster and C57BL/6 mice revealed patterns of response similar to those exhibited by larval flies, suggesting that a common magnetoreception mechanism may underlie these behaviors. Therefore, characterizing the mechanism(s) of magnetoreception in flies may hold the key to understanding the magnetic sense in a wide array of terrestrial organisms. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice.

Painter

Dommer

Altizer

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, several studies have reported evidence of spontaneous magnetic alignment (SMA) behavior across a range of vertebrates that show a strong tendency to align the anteroposterior axis bimodally along the north-south magnetic axis [for reviews see 15, 16, and recently 17]. Although SMA appears to be widespread, exhibited by a wide range of taxa including both vertebrate [15,16,17,18] and invertebrate groups [19][20][21][22], the functional significance and biophysical mechanism mediating this behavior remains poorly understood. Possibilities of the functional significance underlying SMA include that the magnetic field could provide a stable reference frame for coordinating movement in open landscapes [23], or help to coordinate group responses in social animals [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of bio-loggers to characterize red fox behavior with implications for studies of magnetic alignment responses in free-roaming animals

et al. 2016

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Background: Spontaneous magnetic alignment (SMA), in which animals position their body axis in fixed alignments relative to magnetic field lines, has been shown in several classes of vertebrates and invertebrates. Although these responses appear to be widespread, the functional significance and sensory mechanism(s) underlying SMA remain unclear. An intriguing example comes from observations of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that show a ~fourfold increase in hunting success when predatory 'mousing' attacks are directed toward magnetic north-northeast. This form of SMA is proposed to receive input from a photoreceptor-based magnetoreception mechanism perceived as a 'visual pattern' and used as a targeting system to increase the accuracy of mousing attempts targeting hidden prey. However, similar to previous observational studies of magnetic orientation in vertebrates, direct evidence for the use of magnetic cues, and field-based experiments designed to characterize the biophysical mechanisms of SMA are lacking. Here, we develop a new approach for studies of SMA using triaxial accelerometer and magnetometer bio-loggers attached to semidomesticated red foxes.Results: Accelerometer data were recorded from 415 ground-truth events of three behaviors exhibited by an adult red fox. A 5-nearest neighbor classifier was developed for behavioral analysis and performed with an accuracy of 95.7% across all three behaviors. To evaluate the generalizability of the classifier, data from a second fox were tested yielding an accuracy of 66.7%, suggesting the classifier can extract behaviors across multiple foxes. A similar classification approach was used to identify the fox's magnetic alignment using two 8-way classifiers with differing underlying assumptions to distinguish magnetic headings in eight equally spaced 45° sectors. The magnetic heading classifiers performed with 90.0 and 74.2% accuracy, suggesting a realistic performance range for a classifier based on an independent set of training events equal in size to our sample. Conclusions:We report the development of 'magnetic ethograms' in which the behavior and magnetic alignment of foxes can be accurately extracted from raw sensor data. These techniques provide the basis for future studies of SMA where direct observation is not necessary and may allow for more sophisticated experimental designs aimed to characterize the sensory mechanisms mediating SMA behavior.

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Actuating Soft Matter with Magnetic Torque

Erb

Martin

Soheilian

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

218

200

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Here, recent significant developments are reviewed in manipulating soft matter systems through the use of magnetic torque. Magnetic torque enables the orientation, assembly, and manipulation of thermally fluctuating systems in broad material fields including biomaterials, ceramic and composite precursor suspensions, polymer solutions, fluids, foams, and gels. Magnetism offers an effective, safe, and massively parallel manufacturing approach. By exploiting magnetic torque, leading soft matter researchers have demonstrated new technologies in rheology, life sciences, optics, and structural materials. Specifically, magnetic torque has been used to assemble particle suspensions, to fabricate and actuate composite materials, and to control and manipulate biological materials. In each of these applications, there are energetic limitations to magnetic torque that need to be understood and characterized. However, magnetic torque offers a promising remote‐controlled approach to creating and enabling new soft matter technologies.

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American cockroaches prefer four cardinal geomagnetic positions at rest

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice.

Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice.

Use of bio-loggers to characterize red fox behavior with implications for studies of magnetic alignment responses in free-roaming animals

Actuating Soft Matter with Magnetic Torque

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