American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention

Kushi, Lawrence H.; Doyle, Colleen; McCullough, Megan; Rock, Cheryl L.; Demark‐Wahnefried, Wendy; Bandera, Elisa V.; Gapstur, Susan M.; Patel, Alpa V.; Andrews, Kimberly S.; Gansler, Ted

doi:10.3322/caac.20140

Cited by 1,174 publications

(740 citation statements)

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“…In addition, overweight or obese persons are more likely to present with dyslipidemia than leaner persons 5. In addition to cardiovascular disease, strong evidence shows that obesity and fat distribution are associated with risk for many types of cancer 6. There also is compelling evidence that overweight status and obesity influences overall health outcomes and likelihood of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease among those who have been diagnosed with cancer 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Flatt

Natarajan

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundOptimal macronutrient distribution of weight loss diets has not been established. The distribution of energy from carbohydrate and fat has been observed to promote differential plasma lipid responses in previous weight loss studies, and insulin resistance status may interact with diet composition and affect weight loss and lipid responses.Methods and ResultsOverweight and obese women (n=245) were enrolled in a 1‐year behavioral weight loss intervention and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups: a lower fat (20% energy), higher carbohydrate (65% energy) diet; a lower carbohydrate (45% energy), higher fat (35% energy) diet; or a walnut‐rich, higher fat (35% energy), lower carbohydrate (45% energy) diet. Blood samples and data available from 213 women at baseline and at 6 months were the focus of this analysis. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were quantified and compared between and within groups. Triglycerides decreased in all study arms at 6 months (P<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol more than either the lower fat or lower carbohydrate diet (P<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet also reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women, whereas the lower fat diet reduced both total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women (P<0.05). Insulin sensitivity and C‐reactive protein levels also improved.ConclusionsWeight loss was similar across the diet groups, although insulin‐sensitive women lost more weight with a lower fat, higher carbohydrate diet versus a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet. The walnut‐rich, higher fat diet resulted in the most favorable changes in lipid levels.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01424007.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Flatt

Natarajan

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…The Department of Chronic Disease and Health promotion of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends urgent action from governments to prevent and reduce chronic diseases and their associated risk factors [3]. The principle authorities on chronic diseases have also recommended the adoption of a healthy diet as the cornerstone for preventing and/or managing cardiovascular diseases [4], diabetes [5], cancer [6], and hypertension [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietitians’ Perspectives on Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Dietary Advice for Chronic Diseases in Adults

Desroches

Lapointe

Deschênes

et al. 2015

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

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Purpose-To assess dietitians' perspectives on the importance and applicability of interventions to enhance adherence to dietary advice for preventing and managing chronic diseases in adults in the Canadian context.Methods-Based on a Cochrane systematic review, we identified 8 promising interventions for enhancing adherence to dietary advice: behavioural contracts, exchange lists, feedback based on self-monitoring, individualized menu suggestions, multiple interventions, portion size awareness, telephone follow-up, and videos. Thirty-two dietitians then completed a 3-round Delphi study by responding to an electronic questionnaire asking them to rate the importance and applicability in their practice of the 8 interventions on a 7-point Likert scale. Results-Using a ≥75% level of agreement, 4 interventions showed strong consensus: multiple interventions, feedback based on self-monitoring, portion size awareness, and videos. Among these, the most significant were (means ± SD for importance and applicability, respectively) feedback based on self-monitoring (6.97 ± 0.18 and 6.72 ± 0.46), portion size awareness (6.69 ± 0.54 and 6.75 ± 0.51), and multiple interventions (6.94 ± 0.25 and 6.81 ± 0.40).Conclusions-These findings can guide the development of educational training sessions for dietitians to help them provide practice-relevant interventions that will increase the likelihood that patients adhere to their advice regarding prevention and management of chronic diseases.

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“…Sedentary lifestyle has inevitable effects on increasing risk of neoplasm by several mechanisms including changes in estrogens and testosterone level, higher resistance to insulin, producing inflammation and compromised immune function (6). According to some review studies physical inactivity contribute to 9% of breast and 10% of colon cancer cases in European countries (5).…”

Section: Main Mechanisms Of Physical Activity Against Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Role of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Middle East Reports

2017

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Context: Cancer is the second cause of death. All cancer types are increasing in most countries. Almost 80% of cancer related deaths disproportionately happen in less developed countries. Middle East is a unique region with a huge wave of cancer. This cancer surge is sure to be a shock for people. The present review discusses current status of cancer and evidence related to cancer preventive effects of physical activity (PA) among studies conducted in the Middle East region.Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive search was performed in three major databases of Cochrane, Pubmed and Tripdatabase (up to January 2016). Among the resulted 32 English-language articles, eighteen were fully reviewed. Cancer preventive effects (as relative risks or risk reduction) were extracted and tabulated.Results: It had been confirmed earlier that regular PA decreases the risk of many diseases including some types of neoplasms. Exercise can play a crucial role indirectly through weight loss, but obesity prevention does not explain all impacts of PA. As a high proportion of people in developing countries have sedentary lifestyle, even a small risk may be associated with a high populationattributable risk (PAR). Although PA during rest and vocational activities are not protective, there is powerful evidence on strong preventive effect for vigorous intensity PA. The higher-intensity PA is more effective than exercise of longer duration. Existing clinical guidelines recommend at least 150 min of medium or 75 min of high-intensity exercise per week.Conclusions: Totally about 9-19% of cancer cases are in strong relationship to physical inactivity. To better deal with the epidemic surge of cancer it is necessary to improve public knowledge on cancer preventive effect of PA. In one word some pivotal measures like avoiding tobacco exposure, consuming a healthy diet and staying physically active can substantially decrease one's risk of cancer. Policymakers should decrease public exposure to carcinogens in the environment, and ensure that precise and sufficient information is provided for whole society and support them to adopt and implement healthy lifestyles.Keywords: Neoplasms, Prevention, Exercise, Middle East Context Introduction on Emerging Cancer SurgeNeoplasms are the second leading cause of death in the world. Incidence rates of all types of cancer have increased in most countries during recent decades. A recent report of international agency for research on cancer (IARC) has stated that about 14,000,000 patients with recent diagnosis of neoplasms were detected in 2012 and more than 8 million people have died because of cancer. It also predicted that by the end of 2030, the number of new cases of cancer will be about 22 million and subsequently more and more deaths would be encountered (1).Almost 80 percent of this increase in cancer related deaths will be disproportionately in less developed countries like the Middle East region. Incidence in this area is expected to double by the middle of 2020. This cancer surge is sure to ...

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American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention

Cited by 1,174 publications

References 344 publications

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women

Dietitians’ Perspectives on Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Dietary Advice for Chronic Diseases in Adults

A Review on the Role of Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Middle East Reports

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