American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening: Update 2003

Smith, Robert A.; Saslow, Debbie; Sawyer, Kimberly A.; Burke, Wylie; Costanza, Mary E.; Evans, W. Phil; Foster, Roger S.; Hendrick, Edward; Eyre, Harmon J.; Sener, S.F.

doi:10.3322/canjclin.53.3.141

Cited by 669 publications

(535 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Delay in the detection of breast cancer decreases survival rates (Yip et al, 2006). Based on the evidence, there is doubt as to the usefulness of BSE in diagnosis of breast cancer (Smith et al, 2003). However, the American Cancer Society and the Malaysian Clinical Practices Guideline encourage women to practicing BSE, because it allows a woman to be familiar with her normal breast structure and helps her to learn to notice any unusual changes in her breast tissue (American Cancer Society, 2012;Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Akhtari-Zavare

Latiff²,

Juni³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: In Malaysia, breast cancer is the first cancer among females regardness of race. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and BSE practice among undergraduate female students at four public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 820 undergraduate female students using a self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge of breast cancer and BSE practice. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.7±1.2 years. The majority of them were single (96.8%), Malay (91.9%) and 16.5% of respondents had a family history of breast cancer. This study showed low level of knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination among participants. Only 19.6% participants were performing BSE regularly. Knowledge of breast self-examination was significantly associated with BSE practice (p=0.00). Also, there were significant associations between performing BSE with age, marital status and being trained by a doctor for doing BSE (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings showed that the rate of BSE practice and knowledge of breast cancer is inadequate among young Malaysian females. A public health education program is essential to improve breast cancer prevention among this group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Akhtari-Zavare

Latiff²,

Juni³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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show abstract

“…Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease decreases survival rates (Yip et al, 2006). The literature on the effectiveness of BSE as a screening for early detecting breast cancer was controversial (Smith et al, 2003). However, the American Cancer Society (2004) and Ministry of Health Malaysia (2002) encourage women to be aware of how their breasts look and feel, so that they will be able to recognize changes and promptly report them to their clinicians (Smith et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beliefs and Behavior of Malaysia Undergraduate Female Students in a Public University Toward Breast Self-examination Practice

Akhtari-Zavare

Juni

Said³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second principal cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, including Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 262 female undergraduate students in University Putra Malaysia using a validated questionnaire which was developed for this study. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22±2.3 years. Most of them were single (83.1%), Malay (42.3%) and 20.7% reported having a family history of breast cancer. Eighty-seven (36.7%) claimed they had practiced BSE. Motivation and self-efficacy of the respondents who performed BSE were significantly higher compared with women who did not (p<0.05).There was no association between BSE practice and demographic details (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that women who perceived greater motivation (OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.016-1.168) and had higher confidence of BSE (OR=1.076, 95%CI: 1.028-1.126) were more likely to perform the screening. Conclusions: The findings show that Malaysian young female's perception regarding breast cancer and the practice of BSE is low. Targeted education should be implemented to improve early detection of breast cancer.

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“…The ACS guidelines were updated in 1997 55 and recommended starting annual screening at age 40 years: These guidelines were reinforced in the latest published guidelines. 56 According to this standard, the women in our survey ideally should have reported that they had had at least 5 mammograms over the past 10 years, and optimally 10 mammograms in that period. However, given the range of ages in the current sample (50 -70 years) and the changes in screening guidelines over the past decade, the current analysis differentiated between women who screened at a rate of Յ 4 mammograms in 10 years (infrequent screeners) and women who screened at a rate of Ն 5 mammograms in 10 years (frequent screeners).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

Magai

Consedine

Conway

et al. 2004

Cancer

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BACKGROUND. Ethnic differences in breast cancer screening behaviors are well established. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding exactly what causes these differences and which characteristics in low-screening populations should be targeted in an effort to modify screening behavior. METHODS.Stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 1364 women (ages 50 -70 years) from 6 ethnic groups: African-American women; U.S.-born white women;English-speaking Caribbean, Haitian, and Dominican women; and immigrant Eastern-European women. In interviews, respondents provided information concerning demographic and structural variables related to mammogram utilization (age, education, income, marital status, physician recommendation, access, and insurance) and a set of cognitive variables (fatalism, perception of personal risk, health beliefs concerning cancer) and socioemotional variables (stress, cancer worry, embarrassment, and pain). RESULTS.For data analysis, the authors used a 2-step logistic regression with frequency of mammograms over a 10-year period (Յ 4 mammograms over 10 years or Ն 5 mammograms over 10 years) as a dependent variable. U.S.-born AfricanAmerican women and Dominican women were screened as frequently as European-American women, but the remaining minority groups were screened with less frequency. With one exception, ethnicity ceased to predict screening frequency once cognitive and emotional variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS.Although women from clearly operationalized ethnic groups continue to screen at rates substantially below those of the majority groups, these differences appear to be explained substantially by differences in psychologic variables. This is encouraging because, rather than targeting culture for interven- B reast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. 1 Although there has been some recent controversy, 2 a number of studies and reviews have shown that mammography reduces mortality, 3,4 and several authors have argued that early detection and screening represent our best means for decreasing breast cancer mortality. [5][6][7] Across the last 2 decades, a large body of descriptive research has documented the background factors that are believed to act barriers to, and facilitators of, mammography. In general, greater age, 8 -13 lower income and education, 14 -16 single marital status, 10 the absence of insurance, 17 and lack of physician recommendation 6,18 -20 all were reported to be predictive of poorer mammography utilization. Minority women also are less likely to have regular mammograms, a finding that is attributed commonly to lower education and income. What is of interest, however, is that ethnic differences in screening behavior persist even when variables such as socioeconomic status or education do not differ or are controlled statistically. 7,21,22 A growing number of screening studies also have examined an array of cognitive, attitudinal, and emotional factors that act as barriers to regular screening: patient perceptions of vulnerability,...

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American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening: Update 2003

Cited by 669 publications

References 170 publications

Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Beliefs and Behavior of Malaysia Undergraduate Female Students in a Public University Toward Breast Self-examination Practice

Diversity matters: Unique populations of women and breast cancer screening

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