American Association for the Surgery of Trauma statement on firearm injuries

Streib, Erik W.; Blake, David; Ab, Christmas; Clancy, Kate; Cocanour, Christine S.; Cooper, Chris E.; Rp, Driscoll; Al, Eastman; Ap, Ekeh; González, R. Díaz; Jg, Hinsdale; Joseph, Kimberly; Da, Kuhls; Sg, Thomas; Cooper, Zara

doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000001090

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Among brain injuries, penetrating traumatic brain in-juries (PTBI) are associated with the worst outcomes, [13][14][15] and no effective restorative treatment beyond physical therapy is currently available to mitigate post-TBI disability and associated cognitive deficits. [16][17][18] Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore additional treatment options to address long-term TBI-related disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury Induced Cognitive Deficits after Neuronal Differentiation of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells

Spurlock¹,

Ahmed²,

Rivera³

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is unmitigated by any available therapies to date. Therefore, we evaluated human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment to putatively exploit the potential of cell therapy that has been seen in other central nervous system injury models. Toward this objective, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled hNSC (400,000 per animal) were transplanted in immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fisher, and athymic (ATN) PBBI rats 1 week after injury. Tacrolimus (3 mg/kg 2 days prior to transplantation, then 1 mg/kg/day), methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg on the day of transplant, 1 mg/kg/week thereafter), and mycophenolate mofetil (30 mg/kg/day) for 7 days following transplantation were used to confer immunosuppression. Engraftment in SD and ATN was comparable at 8 weeks post-transplantation. Evaluation of hNSC differentiation and distribution revealed increased neuronal differentiation of transplanted cells with time. At 16 weeks post-transplantation, neither cell proliferation nor glial lineage markers were detected. Transplanted cell morphology was similar to that of neighboring host neurons, and there was relatively little migration of cells from the peritransplant site. By 16 weeks, GFP-positive processes extended both rostrocaudally and bilaterally into parenchyma, spreading along host white matter tracts, traversing the internal capsule, and extending ∼13 mm caudally from transplantation site reaching into the brainstem. In a Morris water maze test at 8 weeks post-transplantation, animals with transplants had shorter latency to platform than vehicle-treated animals. However, weak injury-induced cognitive deficits in the control group at the delayed time point confounded benefits of durable engraftment and neuronal differentiation. Therefore, these results justify further studies to progress towards clinical translation of hNSC therapy for PTBI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury Induced Cognitive Deficits after Neuronal Differentiation of Transplanted Human Neural Stem Cells

Spurlock¹,

Ahmed²,

Rivera³

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the wake of this tragedy, the AAST's statement on firearm injuries published today in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery is eerily timely. 1 Similarly, the American Medical Association's House of Delegates at its annual meeting this week passed a resolution to end the ban on gun violence research, recognizing that gun violence is a public health issue. 2 However, while these are promising developments, trauma surgeons today must continue to care for the victims of these mass casualties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%