America’s Water Crises

McNabb, David E.; Swenson, Carl R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27380-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Drinking water systems are vulnerable to natural and human-caused emergency events (Clark, 2014;Maiolo & Article Impact Statement Eight emergency drinking water countermeasures were reviewed and compared from resilience and life cycle cost perspectives. Pantusa, 2018;Mcnabb & Swenson, 2023). Some of the most impactful nature disasters akin to drinking water systems in the United States include floods, hurricanes, droughts, earthquakes, and wildfires (AWWA, 2018;FEMA, 2023a).…”

Section: Natural and Man-made Threats To Drinking Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, approximately 26% of land area in the United States experiences drought of at least moderate intensity in any given year (Folger, 2017). Droughts that occur during the peak water demand seasons can cause water shortages, low system pressures, boil-water advisories, and a potential need for imported water sources (Clark, 2014;Maiolo & Pantusa, 2018;Mcnabb & Swenson, 2023). Earthquakes, though major ones with a 7.0 magnitude had a low frequency of occurring once every 60 years, can cause significant physical damage to drinking water infrastructure and disrupt service (AWWA, 2018;USEPA, 2018a).…”

Section: Natural and Man-made Threats To Drinking Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building resilience for an uncertain drinking water future

Huang,

Bixler,

2023

AWWA Water Science

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Enhancing drinking water resilience has become increasingly important. However, a comprehensive analysis of drinking water emergency countermeasures is lacking. This study evaluated eight countermeasures including monitoring, local alternatives, reclaimed water, interconnection, bulk water, pre‐packaged water, emergency treatment, and isolation valves from resilience and sustainability (i.e., life cycle cost) perspectives. While countermeasures such as interconnections perform relatively well from both perspectives, there is a clear trade‐off between resilience and cost. Local alternatives and emergency treatment respond quickly and provide sustained supply during emergencies but may incur higher costs. Bulk water and pre‐packaged water are typically inexpensive but have limited supply capacity and take time to distribute. As future threats are likely to become more frequent and prolonged, it is prudent for service providers to invest in countermeasures that perform well in both resilience and cost and use an integrated approach that combines high capital projects with bulk/pre‐packaged water contracts.

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Section: Natural and Man-made Threats To Drinking Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural and Man-made Threats To Drinking Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building resilience for an uncertain drinking water future

Huang,

Bixler,

2023

AWWA Water Science

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Spatial variation of the Akosombo hydroelectric power dam and its effects on downstream water quality, people and living organisms

Gbedemah,

Andoh,

Adanu

2023

Lakes & Reservoirs

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The Akosombo Hydroelectric Power Plant (AHPP) is one of the largest man‐made lakes in the world. The impact of the dam after its construction on living organisms and people is not known. This paper offers new insights into our understanding of how the lake affects water quality for living organisms and people living downstream of its tailrace at different spatial levels. Water samples were collected to determine physicochemical and bacteriological parameters at fifteen strategically chosen sampling points. The data were analysed in the laboratory for certain physicochemical and biological parameters. About 95 questionnaires were also administered at Abume to households to ascertain their concerns with the water from the dam. The results indicated that the operation of AHPP has statistically significant effects on pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), faecal coliform and total coliform. The DO and total coliform did not rejuvenate by the 1km tailrace distance of the study. However, pH rejuvenated at a distance of 750 meters. The people also point out that the quality of the river at Abume is not safe for drinking and living organisms. The study concludes that water from the AHPP downstream is a satisfactory source of raw water that can be treated for domestic use. The water can also not support large fish species like tilapia. The study recommends that cage fishing should not take place close to the tailrace. The Volta River Authority and the government should provide potable drinking water to the communities affected by the construction of the dam and new sustainable turbines should be employed to manage the dam.

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Estimation of the Extent of the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change Using Analytical and Deep-Learning Methods: A Case Study in Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh

Malik,

Ahmed,

Gulzar

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Climate stress poses a threat to the agricultural sector, which is vital for both the economy and livelihoods in general. Quantifying its risk to food security, livelihoods, and sustainability is crucial. This study proposes a framework to estimate the impact climate stress on agriculture in terms of three objectives: assessing the regional vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity), analysing the climate variability, and measuring agricultural performance under climatic stress. The vulnerability of twenty-two sub-regions in Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh is assessed using indicators to determine the collective susceptibility of the agricultural framework to climate change. An index-based approach with min–max normalization is employed, ranking the districts based on their relative performances across vulnerability indicators. This work assesses the impact of socio-economic and climatic indicators on the performance of agricultural growth using the benchmark Ricardian approach. The parameters of the agricultural growth function are estimated using a linear combination of socio-economic and exposure variables. Lastly, the forecasted trends of climatic variables are examined using a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network, providing an annual estimate of climate variability. The results indicate a negative impact of annual minimum temperature and decreasing land holdings on agricultural GDP, while cropping intensity, rural literacy, and credit facilities have positive effects. Budgam, Ganderbal, and Bandipora districts exhibit higher vulnerability due to factors such as low literacy rates, high population density, and extensive rice cultivation. Conversely, Kargil, Rajouri, and Poonch districts show lower vulnerability due to the low population density and lower level of institutional development. We observe an increasing trend of minimum temperature across the region. The proposed LSTM synthesizes a predictive estimate across five essential climate variables with an average overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.91, outperforming the benchmark ARIMA and exponential-smoothing models by 32–48%. These findings can guide policymakers and stakeholders in developing strategies to mitigate climate stress on agriculture and enhance resilience.

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America’s Water Crises

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Building resilience for an uncertain drinking water future

Building resilience for an uncertain drinking water future

Spatial variation of the Akosombo hydroelectric power dam and its effects on downstream water quality, people and living organisms

Estimation of the Extent of the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change Using Analytical and Deep-Learning Methods: A Case Study in Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh

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