Aménagement du territoire agricole de la ville de Pétra : la terre et l’eau

Gentelle, Pierre

doi:10.4000/books.ifpo.1315

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The lower exposures of the median sandstone plateau have some sandy alluvium deposits favourable to agriculture in spite of the relatively limited usable area and lower precipitation. There are also larger flat areas outside the centre of Petra, towards jebel Haroun and Beidha (Gentelle 2009;Besançon 2010). The mean annual rainfall is barely sufficient for the dry farming of cereals, but the cultivation of more demanding plants would require manuring and sometimes irrigation.…”

Section: Agricultural Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the surroundings of Petra, rural settlements and run-off terrace systems came into existence, as well as olive and wine presses (Lavento et al 2007;Gentelle 2009;Kouki 2009;Beckers et al 2013;Tholbecq 2013). The faunal data in Petra are currently available mostly for the 1st century AD and later.…”

Section: Classical Nabataean (Mid 1st Century Bc To 1st Century Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the role of crop growing within the city itself has rarely been examined, especially given the lack of material evidence and analyses. Issues relating to agricultural economy and landscape management have mainly been addressed through archaeological surveys and the study of the water management systems (Oleson 1995;Lavento et al 2004Lavento et al , 2007Al-Salameen 2005;Bellwald 2006; Kouki 2009Kouki , 2012Kouki , 2013Knodell and Alcock 2011;Tholbecq 2013) or geographical approaches (Gentelle 2009;Besançon 2010). Bioarchaeological studies remain limited (Studer 2002(Studer , 2007Studer and Schneider 2008;Tholbecq et al 2008;Ramsay and Bedal 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

Bouchaud

Jacquat

Martinoli

2016

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Archaeobotanical analyses of charred seeds, fruit and wood charcoal from the residential part of the ez-Zantur area at Petra, Jordan, provide new data on the agricultural economy and use of the landscape in this famous merchant Nabataean city from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the beginning of the 5th century AD. The study is based on analyses of 7,499 whole and fragmented seeds, pips and fruit stones and 624 charcoal fragments sampled from household deposits. The results show that the food supply was based on common Mediterranean cultivated taxa such as cereals (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum/durum), pulses (Lens culinaris) and fruit (Olea europaea, Ficus carica, Vitis vinifera), which were probably cultivated both in the city and its hinterland. The by-products from the processing of cereals and fruit trees played a significant role in fuel supply, supplementing woody wild plants obtained from rocky slopes and the desert valley. The variety of fuel resources shows a major capacity to manage complex supply networks and perhaps the rarity of natural woodland cover. The existence of orchards within the city centre and notably olive groves is indicated in the Early Nabataean period (mid 2nd century to mid 1st century BC) but they expanded during the Classical Nabataean period (mid 1st century BC to 1st century AD), probably reflecting specialised fruit growing. Unusual plant remains such as Prunus armeniaca (apricot), P. persica (peach) and Juglans regia (walnut) are considered to be social indicators of prosperity. These archaeobotanical results fit with others from this region and match with the urbanization and social dynamics of the city of Petra.

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Section: Agricultural Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classical Nabataean (Mid 1st Century Bc To 1st Century Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

Bouchaud

Jacquat

Martinoli

2016

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Agrarian legacies and innovations in the Nabataean territory

Bouchaud¹

2015

archeosciences

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he Nabataeans, a nomadic people inhabiting the southern Near East from the end of the 4 th century BC, are mainly known for their trade activities along the Incense Road. Recent scientiic advances have shown the importance of agro-pastoral activities within the Nabataean kingdom. However, few studies have addressed the identiication of the existing agrosystems and the kinds of associated plant production. his paper focuses on agrarian plant resources exploited in the Nabataean territory by analysing the carpological and anthracological data from four sites (Bosra, Dharih, Petra, Hegra) presented Nabataean and Roman layers dated between the 2 nd century BC and the end of the 3 rd century AD. he results obtained show the existence of farming systems combining annual and perennial crops, responding eiciently to diferent economic needs (including food, technical raw materials and fuel). Fruit trees were important and their distribution mainly correlated with climate and topographic constraints. Semi-arid sites developed Mediterranean agroforestry systems while the only arid area site developed an oasis agrosystem. Crop production was directly inherited from preceding periods while the presence of cotton in the Hegra oasis relects innovative agricultural and technical processes probably related to Nabataean trade activities. Résumé : Les Nabatéens, peuple nomade à l'origine, s'installant dans le sud du Proche-Orient à partir de la in du IV e siècle av. J.-C., sont surtout connus pour leurs activités marchandes le long de la route de l'encens. Les avancées scientiiques récentes montrent l'importance des activités agro-pastorales à l'époque nabatéenne, mais peu d'études s'intéressent à la déinition des agrosystèmes existants et aux types de productions végétales associées. Cet article propose donc de faire le point sur ce que nous savons des ressources végétales agricoles exploitées sur le territoire nabatéen par l'analyse des données carpologiques et anthracologiques de quatre sites (Bosra, Dharih, Pétra, Hégra) présentant des niveaux nabatéens et romains datés entre le II e siècle av. J.-C. et la in du III e siècle apr. J.-C. Les résultats soulignent l'existence de systèmes agricoles mixtes associant cultures annuelles et pérennes, répondant eicacement aux diférents besoins économiques (notamment alimentaires, techniques et combustibles). Les fruitiers y tiennent une place importante, et leur distribution est étroitement corrélée aux contraintes climatiques et topographiques. Les sites soumis à un climat semi-aride développent des systèmes agroforestiers méditerranéens tandis que le seul site soumis à un climat aride présente un agrosystème oasien. Les productions végétales sont directement héritées des périodes précédentes tandis que la présence de coton dans l'oasis de Hégra souligne une forme d'innovation agricole et technique probablement en lien avec l'activité commerciale nabatéenne.

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Aménagement du territoire agricole de la ville de Pétra : la terre et l’eau

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

Agrarian legacies and innovations in the Nabataean territory

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