Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl₄‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is known to have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. During the two-month CCl 4 exposure of Wistar rats, propolis extract (PE) and royal jelly (RJ) were added in order to test the potential protective effect against hepato-renal injury. Ketonuria, proteinuria, high creatinine and urea levels are the result of CCl 4 -induced nephrotoxicity. Severe disorders of hematological indicators indicate anemia; high values of leukocytes indicate inflammatory condition. Cytogenetic impairments in hepatocytes, aggregation of platelets, and hypoproteinemia indicate severe liver impairment. Results suggest a more significant protective role of RJ compared to PE. Both extracts regulated proteinuria, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia and reduced platelet aggregation in the hepatic circulation. The increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) suggest protective effects against anemia; the decrease in the number of leukocytes can be linked to anti-inflammatory effects. PE and RJ have a beneficial effect against hepato-renal injury, anemia and anti-inflammatory conditions caused by CCl 4 .

Therapeutic benefit of oregano oil in the acute idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats: Adverse effects of high dose of oreganum

“…Also, a visual examination of the liver indicates a reduction in size and a clearly defined lesion. These results are consistent with previous research by Al-Harbi et al, 26 Focak and Suljevic, 22 and Hassan et al 27 In addition to hepatotoxicity, our results showed a toxic effect, indirectly on blood cells and biochemical parameters. Thrombocytosis with large aggregates of platelets, deformability of the erythrocyte membrane, and precipitation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes is present in the blood.…”

“…Finally, the animals were anesthetized, and then blood was sampled by heart puncture 22 . The experiment was conducted in accordance with the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare and Animal Protection and Welfare Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (“Official Gazette” 25/09).…”

Impact of dietary supplementation with chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Michx.) on tetrachloride‐induced liver injury in Wistar rats: Hematological and biochemical implication

“…A high number of leukocytes and segmented granulocytes, as well as a low number of non‐segmented granulocytes, are characteristic of rats exposed to CCl 4 . These values are described in the study by Fočak and Suljević 39 . AM treatment leads to a decrease in total leukocyte count and segmented granulocytes, but non‐segmented granulocytes are significantly higher compared to the control.…”

“…38 CCl 4 was used as a toxic substance that causes hepatorenal injury. 39 The results showed serious cell injury and cytogenetic changes in hepatocytes. A 30-day treatment with chokeberry extract reduced hepatocyte impairment.…”

“…CCl 4 was used as a toxic substance that causes hepatorenal injury 39 . The results showed serious cell injury and cytogenetic changes in hepatocytes.…”