Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on chronic chlorpyrifos-induced erythrocyte osmotic fragility in Wistar rats

Abstract

<jats:p> Chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been shown to cause increased lipoperoxidative changes in the erythrocyte membranes. The relationship between chronic CPF-induced lipoperoxidative changes and erythrocyte fragility has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of lipoperoxidation on CPF-induced erythrocyte fragility and the ameliorative effect of vitamin C. Twenty animals divided at random into four groups of five animals each served as subject for this study. Rats in group I served as the control group and were given only soya oil at a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight (b.w.). Rats in group II were dosed with vitamin C (100 mg/kg b.w.) and then supplemented with soya oil (2 mL/kg b.w.), while those in group III were administered with CPF only at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w. (∼one-eighth of the previously determined median lethal dose [LD<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>]). Rats in group IV were pretreated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vitamin C, and then dosed with CPF at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w., 30 min later. The different treatment regimens were orally administered daily for a period of 17 weeks. Blood collected from the animals at the end of the test period were analyzed for erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation. The study showed that CPF caused significant increase in erythrocyte fragility and MDA concentration, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C. In conclusion, the study showed that CPF-evoked erythrocyte fragility due to increased lipoperoxidative changes was ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C. </jats:p>

Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

“…This confirms the increase in MDA concentration following CPF exposure in previous studies [18][19][20][21][22][23]35] . MDA is a lipoperoxidation by-product resulting from interaction of oxygen radicals with polyunsaturated fatty acids residues in membrane phospholipids and has been shown to damage proteins and DNA [36] .…”

“…However, toxicity has been reported at doses that do not inhibit AChE [14,15] . Therefore, other mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress have been implicated in CPF-induced toxicity [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . During oxidative stress, the body's antioxidant mechanisms are overwhelmed by the oxidants, resulting in cellular damage.…”

“…During oxidative stress, the body's antioxidant mechanisms are overwhelmed by the oxidants, resulting in cellular damage. In this type of situation, therefore, supplementation with antioxidant molecules have been shown to mitigate oxidative stress and the consequent cellular damage [17][18][19][20][21] .…”

Comparative assessment of erythrocyte osmotic fragility in two breeds of dog: Nigerian indigenous breed and the German shepherd

“…For instance, low osmotic resistance leads to intravascular haemolysis, which reduces the number of erythrocytes, hence leading to anaemia (Wu et al 1998) if not treated. EOF has also been used as an indicator of oxidative stress in animals (Adenkola and Ayo 2009;Wahab et al 2010;Ambali et al 2010). Although the above studies demonstrated differences in EOF within and between species under various conditions, comparisons of normal EOF between the Nigerian indigenous breed of dog and exotic breeds have not been reported.…”

Ameliorative Effects of Kaempferol and Zinc Gluconate on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Haematological Parameters in Wistar Rats Exposed to Noise Stress

“…Zinc, a divalent cation with manifold biochemical and physiological functions, may play principal neuromodulatory roles in the central nervous system. Indeed, zinc is co-released with glutamate, and it modulates glutamatergic excitation by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and averts gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition by blocking GABA-A receptor function [30,31] reported that zinc exerts its antioxidant property in ameliorating the effect of chlorpyrifos-induced erythrocyte fragility in Wistar rats. Neuropsychological performance has been reported to improve with Zn supplementation in young Chinese children, especially when other micronutrient nutrition is sufficient [27,28].…”