Ameliorative effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the antioxidant status and ammonia stress resistance of Micropterus salmoides

Wang, Zhenlu; Zhou, Qiong; Tu, Jiao; Wang, Yizhou; Song, Rongqun; Chu, Zhipeng; Li, Shan; Li, Junyi; Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Muzi; Shao, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101734

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…It was found that GABA decreased oxidative stress and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in fish, as found in humans, rats, broilers, hens, and pigs, as well as similar to those found in fish and shellfish [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 45 ]. The results of the present study indicate that dietary GABA can attenuate stress in fish due to high stocking density, which is in agreement with results found in the case of the antioxidant enzyme SOD in Roman hens exposed to heat stress [ 44 ], the glutathione (GSH) enzyme in largemouth bass fish exposed to ammonia stress and in turbot fed a high soybean meal diet [ 52 , 53 ]. MPO is an enzyme mainly contained in neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It catalyzes the reaction to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and chloride ions (Cl − ) and has antibacterial and antiviral effects. In the present study, significantly higher MPO levels were found in fish fed the GABA 200 and GABA 250 diets under normal and high stocking densities, which is consistent with the results related to malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in largemouth bass fish exposed to ammonia stress and in turbot fed a high soybean meal diet [52,53]. A lysozyme is an enzyme that destroys the cell wall of bacteria and plays an important part in the innate immune system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Evaluation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Functional Feed Ingredient on Growth Performance, Immune Enhancement, and Disease Resistance in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) under High Stocking Density

Bae,

Moniruzzaman,

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is found in the brain and central nervous system of animals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It has been shown to have a variety of physiological functions, including stress reduction and immune enhancement. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum biochemistry, innate immunity, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda under high-stocking density. A control diet and three experimental diets were prepared, with 150 mg/kg (GABA150), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 250 mg/kg (GABA250) of GABA added to each diet, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to olive flounders in triplicate with an initial weight of 12.75 g ± 0.3 g in 40 L tanks at two stocking densities: normal density (20 fish/tank) and high density (40 fish/tank). After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate compositions, blood analyses, and non-specific immune responses were measured, and challenge tests were performed. There were no significant differences in the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed the GABA-supplemented diets at the two stocking densities. However, the normal-density groups showed significantly higher WG and SGR than the high-density groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among all groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the whole-body proximate composition analysis (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortisol levels in fish fed the GABA at both densities, but the high-density group showed a significantly higher cortisol than the low-density group. Blood GABA significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of the density groups (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity showed significantly higher levels than the control group, but there was no significant effect of the stocking densities in fish fed the GABA diets (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activities in fish fed the GABA200 and GABA250 diets showed significantly higher levels at both of the stocking densities (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in the GABA150 group than in the CON, GABA200, and GABA250 groups (p < 0.05). After 15 days of challenge tests with Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rates of the GABA150, GABA200, and GABA250 groups were significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the optimal dietary GABA level for juvenile olive flounder culture is 150 mg/kg, regardless of rearing density, to enhance growth, immunity, and disease resistance.

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