Ameliorative effect of Combretum dolichopentalum in CCl4- induced oxidative stress

Abstract

The study evaluated the ability of the ethanol extract of Combretum dolichopentalum (EECD) to offer protection on rats perturbed by relatively low concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Five groups of 10 rats each were treated thus: Group 1 and group 2 constituting the normal and positive control group were maintained on food and water throughout the study. Group 3, 4, and 5 received 250, 500 mg/kg body weight of EECD and 50 mg/kg of silymarin for 28 days respectively. All groups except group 1 were exposed to 0.2 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 intraperitonealy on day 29. Serums from the rats were assayed for antioxidant and liver specific enzyme. Lipid profile and peroxidation product as well as antioxidant molecules were determined to check the oxidative as well as the liver status of the test organism. Standard biochemical methods were employed for the assay and results were subject to statistical analysis using one way ANOVA. Administration of CCl4 at 0.2 ml/kg b.w slightly altered the redox status of the rats; however, pre-treatment with the ethanol extract of C. dolichopentalum dose dependently stabilized the altered perturbation. This potential indicates that the crude EECD could be employed to correct minor oxidative imbalances as a result of CCl4 intoxication, C. dolichopentalum has been reported to possess a wide array of bioactive phytochemicals, and also reported not to present significant side effects when administered. Thus C. dolichopentalum could be a pharmacological tool needed to offer protection on liver during toxic assault from accidentally ingested toxicants such as carbon tetrachloride.

Organic wastes of Citrus sinensis Peels- a source of eco-friendly and sustainable bioactive compounds for promoting health

“…Most of the naturally available ones are phenolic compounds, vitamins and carotenoids. "Also, phytochemicals which are natural occurring chemicals in plants with antioxidant potential that are primarily responsible for scavenging toxic radicals and associated with enormous benefit on the health of consumers" [13,14,15].…”

The secretory scales and medicinal properties of combretum erythrophyllum.

“…Glandular trichomes act as effective defence mechanisms due to the compounds they exude (Duffey, 1986;Tian et al, 2017). Many authors provide data which shows that glandular trichomes aid in defence against herbivores via the secretion of compounds (secondary metabolites) Ujowundu et al, 2017. These act as a natural repellent and in some cases may also encapsulate the attacker .…”

“…Combretum is the largest genus within the family Combretaceae, comprising over 370 species . This genus is being extensively studied for its use in pharmacology Ujowundu et al, 2017;. Noticeable characteristics of the genus include opposite leaf growth in a scattered arrangement, presence of domatia within mature leaves, the absence of stipules and inflorescences which carry bisexual flowers.…”

“…Pharmacological studies have shown this genus to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, genitor-urinary, cytotoxic and mutagenic properties . In addition, species of Combretum, are currently being extensively studied to evaluate their potential use in commercial medicine (Ujowundu et al, 2017;.…”

“…The glandular trichomes are short and capitate whereas the scales are subsessile and peltate Tian et al, 2017). In relation to the traditional medicinal uses of Combretum species, literature has reported the presence of secondary metabolites such as: fixed oils and fats, tannins, sterols and alkaloids, that may substantiate the plants medicinal worth Ujowundu et al, 2017. According to , a phytochemical analysis of C. erythrophyllum revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids and saponins within leaf extract.…”