Ameliorative Effect of Ascorbic Acid and/or Ginseng Extract against Thyroid Gland Toxicity Induced by Potassium Dichromate in Rats

Abstract

It's aqueous extracts composed of a mixture of ginsenosides, trace minerals, glycosides, different complex carbohydrates, protein, peptides and amino acids and of different pharmacological effects as anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic

Squalene is a potential hypothyroidism modulator: a study of its effect on the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in potassium dichromate induced hypothyroidism model in rats.

“…Seventy male albino rats were used and divided into seven groups (n=10), group I was maintained as the negative control group receiving only saline, group II received squalene only (0.4 ml/day/rat) (14, 15) orally on daily basis for 4 weeks, and group III received vitamin E only (250 mg/kg) orally on daily basis for 4 weeks (16), group IV was maintained as a positive control group receiving potassium dichromate only (2.5 mg/kg) orally for 4 weeks (17). Group V received potassium dichromate and squalene, group VI received potassium dichromate and vitamin E, while the last group received a combination of all three together of potassium dichromate, squalene and vitamin E with the same mentioned doses.…”

“…Cr ties up with oxygen resulting in a strong oxidizing agent, toxicity happens mainly due to production of enormous amounts of free radicals and ROS (ROS), resulting in a cascade of damaging events, inflammation and tissue injury. ROS and oxidative stress (OS) is then the main cause of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage which significantly may be the cause of hypothyroidism (17). The kelch-like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap-1/Nrf-2) antioxidant protective system reacts to reduce OS (8).…”