Amelioration of Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Targeted Rectal and Colonic Delivery of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside

Abstract

Targeted rectal and colonic delivery is an effective strategy to exploit the biological functions of polyphenols. This work investigated the anti-food allergy (FA) activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) delivered by enteric sodium alginate in vivo. The results showed that through targeted rectal and colonic delivery, the C3G showed better results in ameliorating clinical allergic symptoms, diarrhea, and serological indicators including ovalbumin-specific IgE, histamine, and mast cell protease-1. The C3G was more efficient in enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier by up-regulating the tight junction protein expression and promoting secretory IgA and β-defensin secretion. The improved bioactivity in regulating T helper (Th)1/Th2 immune balance in the intestinal mucosa was also observed. Compared with the intestinal microbiota structure of the model group, targeted rectal and colonic delivery of C3G was able to bring the abundance of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes close to the levels found in normal mice. Furthermore, there was an evident increase in beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora, such as Lactobacillus and Odoribacter, and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria like Helicobacter and Turicibacter. Therefore, the anti-FA activity of C3G could be increased via targeted rectal and colonic delivery, while the mechanism might be attributed to the regulation of intestinal microecological homeostasis.

Fucoxanthin Prevents the Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergic Response by Enhancing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Regulating the Intestinal Flora

“…FAs are dominated by Th2 immune responses and show an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 immune responses. As an important Th2 cytokine, IL-4 can induce IgE release from B cells, activating the degranulation of mast cells, exacerbating allergic reactions, and inhibiting the differentiation and functions of immunosuppressive cells (Treg cells) . In this study, the IL-4 and OVA-IgE levels decreased after fucoxanthin supplementation in allergic mice, inhibiting the Th2 response.…”

“…As an important Th2 cytokine, IL-4 can induce IgE release from B cells, activating the degranulation of mast cells, exacerbating allergic reactions, and inhibiting the differentiation and functions of immunosuppressive cells (Treg cells). 47 In this study, the IL-4 and OVA-IgE levels decreased after fucoxanthin supplementation in allergic mice, inhibiting the Th2 response. Furthermore, the levels of the Treg-related IL-10 and TGF-β were increased by the oral administration of fucoxanthin.…”

Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate aGVHD after allo-HSCT by Regulating Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Immunity

“…However, there was no significant difference in the β-diversity measurements, possibly because of the small sample sizes of both groups or the insufficient treatment cycle of hAMSCs. The analysis using comparison heatmap in genus levels indicated that hAMSCs administration increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, Odoribacter and Ruminococcus_1 in the intestinal flora, which were short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers with anti-inflammatory properties [ 35 , 36 ]. To identify the underlying dominant bacteria mediated through hAMSCs transplantation, LEfSe analysis was conducted between the two groups.…”

Regulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis by Polyphenols

“…Anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside increased total β-defensin protein levels in the intestinal mucosa of mice in an ovalbumin-induced food allergy model [ 74 ]. A blueberry powder, high in anthocyanins, supplemented in a high fat diet of rats for 8 weeks significantly increased Defb2 mRNA expression by 2-fold in the ileum compared to rats on a low-fat diet [ 75 ].…”