Amelioration of lead-induced hepatotoxicity byAllium sativumextracts in Swiss albino mice

Abstract

Lead is a blue-gray and highly toxic divalent metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust and is spread throughout the environment by various human activities. The efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) to reduce hepatotoxicity induced by lead nitrate was evaluated experimentally in male mice. Oral treatment with lead nitrate at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 40 days (1/45 of LD) induced a significant increase in the levels of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, and lead nitrate. In parallel, hepatic protein levels in lead-exposed mice were significantly depleted. Lead nitrate exposure also produced detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver indicated by a significant decline in the levels of liver antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. After exposure to lead nitrate (50 mg/kg body weight for 10 days), the animals received aqueous garlic extract (250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight) and ethanolic garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight and 250 mg/kg body weight), and partially restored the deranged parameters significantly. Histological examination of the liver also revealed pathophysiological changes in lead nitrate-exposed group and treatment with garlic improved liver histology. Our data suggest that garlic is a phytoantioxidant that can counteract the deleterious effects of lead nitrate.

Hepatotoxic Effects of Lead Acetate in Rats: Histopathological and Cytotoxic Studies

“…Lymphocytic infiltration and sinusoidal blood congestion after treatment with lead are indicators of liver damage. Similar investigations have also been reported by EL-Sokkary et al [38]; Joher et al [39]; Liu et al ; Sharma et al [41].…”

Protective Effect of Heat-Treated Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Juice Against Lead-Induced Detoxification in Rat Model

“…It was observed that lead exposure produced pronounced hepatic damage as evident by histological alternations in liver, including focal necrosis with hepatocyte vacuolization and swelling, pyknotic nuclei, as well as dilation of central vein and sinusoids. These findings are in strong support with Sharma et al 26 El-Sokkary et al 27 also showed that liver of lead-treated rats revealed remarkable degenerative alterations. Lead hepatotoxicity led to vacuolization of the cells, polymorphism of the nuclei, and decrease in glycogen content of the hepatocytes.…”

“…In the kidney, lead intoxication has been found to causes interstitial fibrosis, as well as both hyperplasia and gradual atrophy of tubules and glomeruli. 26 It is well known that chronic lead exposure also results in glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes that lead to glycosuria, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure and hypertension.…”

“…The mechanism of cucumber juice-mediated chelation of lead nitrate might include formation of ionic bonds between sulfur-containing compounds and lead. 26 . In addition, lead is probably the most extensively studied heavy metal.…”

Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E against Gasoline Vapors Induced Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Male Rats

“…Toxic substance inhibits the protein synthesis activity [53]. In case of lead, inhibition of protein synthesis may be due to the ability of lead to damage the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to reduction of protein synthesis [54]. Similar effect may be done by lead present in gasoline.…”