Amelioration of Benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary toxicity by Naringenin in Wistar rats: A plausible role of COX-2 and NF-κB

Abstract

<jats:p> Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavanones and has been found to exhibit free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of naringenin against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced oxidative stress and pulmonary toxicity. Rats were treated with naringenin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.), by oral gavage. B[a]P in a single dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. was given intraperitoneally. Total protein, total cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes activities, lung histology and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed to evaluate protective effects of naringenin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were also carried out to observe lung toxicity and inflammation. B[a]P administration enhanced the levels of lung injury markers and reduced antioxidant enzymes activities. Naringenin treatment attenuated the levels of oxidative stress by restoring antioxidant enzymes, further improved lung histological damage and significant decrease in inflammatory responses. Naringenin also effectively decreased the expression of NF-κB, and COX-2 induced by B[a]P. These findings suggest that naringenin supplementation is beneficial in maintaining the integrity of alveoli and the epithelium that may be used as a protective agent in B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and lung damage. However, further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanism of action of naringenin. </jats:p>

Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms

“…Naringenin has shown the ability of combating LP in many organs, tissues and cells, for example, in lung[ 45 ], ankle joints (arthritis model)[ 46 ], retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[ 47 ], SH-SY5Y cells[ 48 ], cardiomyoblast cells[ 49 ], skin[ 50 ], testis[ 51 ] and, interestingly, in liver[ 44 , 52 , 53 ]. It can be concluded that, in contrast to the results obtained in chemical antioxidant assays, the beneficial effects of naringenin against LP in systems involving living organisms or cells, the flavanone shows strong activity.…”

Protective effect of Diosmin against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced lung injury in Swiss Albino Mice

“…Diosmin treatment seems to have a positive effect in improving cardiac function and subdue oxidative stress in the heart . Various other flavonoids, namely naringenin, and catechin, are known to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in animals treated with B(a)P. However, no reports are available for the protective role of Diosmin in lung injury induced by various environmental contaminants.…”

The Protective Effect of Naringenin on Airway Remodeling afterMycoplasma PneumoniaeInfection by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis

“…Hua et al found that NRG pretreatment inhibits neuroapoptosis and ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats exposed to isoflurane anesthesia by regulating the PI3/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway and suppressing NF- κ B-mediated inflammation [ 11 ]. NRG also inhibits stress-induced autophagy [ 12 ] and has a protective effect on oxidative stress-induced lung damage [ 13 ]. This suggests that NRG can inhibit MP-induced inflammatory responses and pulmonary fibrosis by suppressed autophagy.…”