Amelioration of Age Associated Neuroinflammation on Long Term Bacosides Treatment

Abstract

Bacopa monnieri (L.) is a revered medicinal plant of traditional Indian system of medicine effective against cognitive impairment in ageing and SDAT. In our previous study, long term administration of bacosides was found to exhibit remarkable anti ageing effect, ameliorate age associated neurochemical and neurobehavioral deficits and prevent hippocampal neuronal degeneration in middle aged and aged rat brain cortex. In continuation to the previous study, the present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of bacosides against age related chronic neuroinflammation in Wistar rat brain on 3 months treatment. Recently, neuroinflammation has gained considerable interest in age associated neurodegeneration and pathologies like SDAT due to its slow onset and chronic nature. The results of the present study demonstrated the significant attenuation of age dependant elevation of pro inflammatory cytokines, iNOS protein expression, total nitrite and lipofuscin content in middle aged and aged rat brain cortex on long term oral administration of bacosides. Thus, the present results suggest that bacosides possess immense potential to act as a neuroprotective agent due to its pleiotropic action for the prevention of ageing complications and SDAT progression.

Strategies to Overcome Neuroendocrine Immune Deficits in Aging: Role of Neuroendocrine-Immune Modulators and Bioactive Plant Extracts

“…[65] Long-term treatment (3 months) of old Wistar rats on bacoside-enriched extract significantly attenuated age-associated neuroinflammation in the rat brain cortex by reversing age-dependent increase in pro inflammatory cytokines, iNOS expression, total nitrite and lipofuscin content. [66] Brahmi treatment also reversed age-associated deficits in antioxidant functions, nerve growth factor and tyrosine hydroxylase expression and age-related increase in lipid peroxidation both peripherally and centrally.…”

“…[63] Betulinic acid, another active ingredient found in Brahmi, suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production in PBMCs through NF-kB signalling pathway, suggesting that its age-associated benefits may be from suppression of proinflammatory pathways. [64][65][66] In vitro treatment of PBMCs with triterpenoid and bacoside-enriched methanolic fractions of Bacopa monnieri significantly inhibited LPS-activated TNF-α, IL-6 and nitrite production through modulation of proinflammatory mediators. [65] Long-term treatment (3 months) of old Wistar rats on bacoside-enriched extract significantly attenuated age-associated neuroinflammation in the rat brain cortex by reversing age-dependent increase in pro inflammatory cytokines, iNOS expression, total nitrite and lipofuscin content.…”

Combination Treatment with a Novel Polyherbal Formulation and Metformin: A Single Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients with T2DM and Cognitive Impairments

“…Several studies have demonstrated the nootropic effect of Bacopa monnieri is imparted via the action of triterpeniod saponin called bacosides that show acetylcholinesterase inhibition, acetyltransferase activation, b-amyloid reduction, and increased cerebral blood flow. 46 Hippophae rhamnoides on the other hand contains high concentration of flavonoids, fat soluble vitamins, folic acid, various fatty acids, phytosterols, essential amino acids and quercetin as the active phytomolecule. The fruit pulp extract Hippophae rhamnoides have a potent antioxidant property that imparts a neuroprotective role by preventing oxidative damages.…”

“…45 Several preclinical analysis and clinical trials have proven the efficacy of these plants in management of cognitive deficits in aged population. 16,43,[46][47][48][49][50] Subsequently, metformin in addition to its antidiabtic properties has been also recently recognized as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. Studies have shown that metformin prevents apoptotic cascade in endothelial cell type by inhibiting Permeability Transition Pore (PTP) and blocking the release of cytochrome-c that will lead to cell death.…”

Neuropharmacological Review of the Nootropic HerbBacopa monnieri

“…In one BM sample, Rastogi et al found this bacoside profile-bacopaside I (5.37%), bacoside A3 (5.59%), bacopaside II (6.9%), bacopasaponin C isomer (7.08%), and bacopasaponin C (4.18%). 66 The complete assay of BM is an ongoing effort.…”