Amelioration in physicochemical properties and single cell performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) block copolymer composite membrane using sulfonated carbon nanotubes for intermediate humidity fuel cells

Kim, Ae Rhan; Gabunada, Jane Cathleen; Yoo, Dong Jin

doi:10.1002/er.4494

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For the membranes with the preparation at 80 °C, PVDF/OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF 6 /85%PA (80 °C) membranes showed the σ value of 9.84 × 10 −2 S/cm at 160 °C as shown in Figure (d). For the reported CNT‐based PEMs, the proton conductivities were 2.77 × 10 −1 S/cm at 110 °C under 100% relative humidity (RH) for Nafion nanohybrid membranes incorporated phosphonic acid functionalized graphene oxide as well as 1.42 × 10 −1 S/cm at 90 °C under 100% RH for sulfonated diblock copolymer/sulfonated carbon nanotubes membranes . Referring to the guideline of 0.1 S/cm at 120 °C for PEMs in automotive applications by U.S. Department of Energy, the σ value of 0.097 S/cm at 120 °C for PVDF/OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF 6 /85%PA membrane could almost reach the baseline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application

Pan

Jia

Duan

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The widespread participation of polymers in the membrane preparation has been considering to be critical for the development of proton exchange membranes (PEMs). For the polymers without functional groups to conduct protons, the introduction of proton conduction carriers with the formation of composite membranes is an effective strategy to prepare PEMs with the outstanding proton conductivity. However, there remains a potential risk of the components leaking from composite membranes due to the lack of the interaction force. Here, the composite of carbon nanotube oxide (OCNT) assembling with cadmium telluride (CdTe) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6) was introduced into the system of phosphoric acid (PA) doping poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with the formation of PVDF/OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF6/85%PA membranes. PA molecules are anchored by the inorganics of OCNT‐CdTe‐bmimPF6 and are stabilized in membranes. The high and stable proton conductivity values at the elevated temperature are obtained comparing the reported PVDF/bmimPF6/PA membranes. Specifically, the proton conductivity value reached 1.28 × 10−1 S/cm at 160 °C and the value is stable 1.70 × 10−2 S/cm at 120 °C lasting for 350 h. The fine stability in components could make the membranes extricate from the predicament of proton conductivity decline exceeding 120 °C under anhydrous conditions in PVDF/bmimPF6/PA membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48833.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application

Pan

Jia

Duan

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The first step towards the calculation of R ion involves the determination of P H2O and the vapour pressure P vap using Equations (6) to (8).…”

Section: Semi-empirical Voltage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFC offers many advantages, such as high efficiency, silent operation, zero greenhouse-gas emission, and most importantly, high energy density. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the aforementioned voltage drops are difficult to calculate, because some model parameters, such as the internal current (I int ), exchange current density (I o ), charge-transfer coefficient (α), and maximum limiting current (I lim ) for a PEMFC vary with ambient temperature and PEMFC loading conditions. 1,2 In PEMFC systems, hydrogen is supplied to the anode while ambient oxygen is supplied to the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of the gas generally varies on the surface of electrodes, thereby causing the voltage within PEMFCs to drop as a result of these variations. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the aforementioned voltage drops are difficult to calculate, because some model parameters, such as the internal current (I int ), exchange current density (I o ), charge-transfer coefficient (α), and maximum limiting current (I lim ) for a PEMFC vary with ambient temperature and PEMFC loading conditions. In addition, the voltage and internal resistance depends on the number of fuel cells used in the stack.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Membrane‐hydration‐state detection in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using improved ambient‐condition‐based dynamic model

et al. 2019

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“…All efforts to overcome these challenges fall into two main categories. The first one is related to the modification of PEMs including blending, grafting, copolymerization and cross‐linking, and incorporation of higher performance and/or lower cost alternative sulfonated aromatic polymers instead of Nafion as a most common commercial PEM . As an alternative, the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is a promising membrane because of its attractive characteristics like excellent durability, low cost, and slight fuel crossover .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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Amelioration in physicochemical properties and single cell performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) block copolymer composite membrane using sulfonated carbon nanotubes for intermediate humidity fuel cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 49 publications

Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application

Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application

Membrane‐hydration‐state detection in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using improved ambient‐condition‐based dynamic model

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

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