Background: The production and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the most important pathological feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and the deficiency of Aβ clearance contributes to the progression of AD. TREM2-dependent microglial activation may be the key to Aβ clearance. BBR plays the neuroprotective role in the progression of AD by inhibiting Aβ production and promoting Aβ degradation. However, the specific relationship between BBR and microglial activation remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether BBR can inhibit the pathological progression of Aβ in AD by changing the phenotype of microglia.Methods: Western blot and Immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect the effects of BBR on the transformation of resting microglia to different phenotypes. ELISA, Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence were used to detect the effect of BBR on microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to test the effect of BBR on the spatial learning and memory of experimental animals.Results: Firstly, BBR promoted the phagocytosis of Aβ1-42 by BV2 cells. Secondly, BBR promoted the changes of microglia to phenotypes M2 and DAM in vivo and in vitro, which were in close proximity to Aβ and reduced Aβ aggregation. Finally, BBR ameliorated spatial learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice.Conclusion: BBR could enhance the phagocytosis of microglia, which decreased Aβ level and improved the spatial learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice.