Ameliorating effect of eugenol on hyperglycemia by attenuating the key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is a serious health burden for both governments and healthcare providers. This study was hypothesized to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of eugenol by determine the activities of key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). Eugenol was administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg b.w. for 30 days. The dose 10 mg/kg b.w. significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increased plasma insulin level. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen in serum and blood of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of eugenol. Further, eugenol administration to diabetic rats improved body weight and hepatic glycogen content demonstrated the antihyperglycemic potential of eugenol in diabetic rats. The present findings suggest that eugenol can potentially ameliorate key enzymes of glucose metabolism in experimental diabetes, and it is sensible to broaden the scale of use of eugenol in a trial to alleviate the adverse effects of diabetes.

Evaluation of Phytoconstituent of Balanites AEGYPTIACA (L) Del Leaves and Fruit-Mesocarp Extracts

“…It was reported that phenolic compounds exert antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer etc [17][18][19][20]. Eugenol and isoeugenol, phenolic compounds identified from Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del 's extracts in our study have been reported to exert antidiabetic activity among other pharmacological roles [19,20]. Based on this, one may suggests that the phenolic compounds identified from Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del account for its vast medicinal properties particularly antidiabetic activity.…”

“…Among the identified compounds, phenolics have been reported to account for various pharmacological or biological activities. It was reported that phenolic compounds exert antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer etc [17][18][19][20]. Eugenol and isoeugenol, phenolic compounds identified from Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del 's extracts in our study have been reported to exert antidiabetic activity among other pharmacological roles [19,20].…”

Syzygium aromaticumL. (Clove) Extract Regulates Energy Metabolism in Myocytes

“…Previous studies have found that clove extracts and eugenol, the major bioactive component of clove, significantly reduce blood glucose level in animal models, and inhibit PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression in hepatocytes. 12,13,34,35 The present study explored the potential mechanisms of SE on metabolism in comparison to metformin, insulin, and resveratrol. It has been reported that metformin increases insulin sensitivity, enhances peripheral glucose uptake, and increases fatty acid oxidation.…”

Myocardial autophagic energy stress responses—macroautophagy, mitophagy, and glycophagy

“…Glycogen pathology in human diabetic myocardium was first reported over 80 years ago (96). This is a replicated finding in many diabetic experimental settings (2, 46, 84) and occurs in parallel to a depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle (30,85,87). The fundamental bases for differential glycogen handling responses in distinct muscle types are still not yet understood.…”