Amebiasis in the newborn

Güven, Ayla

doi:10.1007/bf02723620

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, its superior efficacy against Mz s isolates is not as obvious, again suggesting new, unknown mechanisms of activation and/or resistance to 1-position 5-NIs in the parasite. Oz is frequently used to treat amoebiasis in India (21). Although the IC 50 s of Oz against all four isolates tested here (4.9 to 6.44 M) were higher than the MIC of the drug against Entamoeba (0.25 M) (10), its effectiveness against both Mz r and Mz s isolates suggests the drug would be a useful alternative to Mz to treat Blastocystis infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

Mirza

Teo

Upcroft

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Blastocystis is an emerging protistan parasite of controversial pathogenesis. Although metronidazole (Mz) is standard therapy for Blastocystis infections, there have been accumulating reports of treatment failure, suggesting the existence of drug-resistant isolates. Furthermore, very little is known about Blastocystis susceptibility to standard antimicrobials. In the present study, we established resazurin and XTT viability microassays for Blastocystis spp. belonging to subtypes 4 and 7, both of which have been suggested to represent pathogenic zoonotic subtypes. The optimized resazurin assay was used to screen a total of 19 compounds against both subtypes. Interestingly, subtype 7 parasites were resistant to Mz, a 1-position-substituted 5-nitroimidazole (5-NI), while subtype 4 parasites were sensitive. Some cross-resistance was observed to tinidazole, another 1-position 5-NI. Conversely, subtype 4 parasites were resistant to emetine, while subtype 7 parasites were sensitive. Position 2 5-NIs were effective against both subtypes, as were ornidazole, nitazoxanide, furazolidone, mefloquine, quinicrine, quinine, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and iodoacetamide. Both subtypes were resistant to chloroquine, doxycycline, paromomycin, ampicillin, and pyrimethamine. This is the first study to report extensive variations in drug sensitivities among two clinically important subtypes. Our study highlights the need to reevaluate established treatment regimens for Blastocystis infections and offers clear new treatment options for Mz treatment failures.Blastocystis is an emerging enteric protistan parasite with zoonotic potential (39,57,58). It is one of the most common parasites colonizing the human gut, with prevalences ranging between 10% of the population in developed countries and 50% in developing countries (58). It frequently infects immunocompromised individuals (27,40,59) and has a high prevalence in impoverished children (35) and HIV/AIDS (27) and cancer (59) patients. Individuals infected with Blastocystis present with common intestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloating, as well as mucous and watery diarrhea (58). Blastocystis infections are commonly associated with dermatological disorders (25, 67) and irritable bowel syndrome (54).Although metronidazole (Mz) treatment is considered firstline therapy for Blastocystis infections, therapeutic intervention is equivocal because of the large number of asymptomatic carriers and frequent reports of treatment failure (3,23,37,53,55). The confusion concerning the status of Blastocystis as a pathogen is primarily due to limitations of diagnostic techniques, purported subtype-dependent variations in parasite virulence, and variable host responses (55). The variation in treatment response suggests the presence of metronidazoleresistant (Mz r ) subtypes of the parasite, but there are currently no in vitro or in vivo data to support this hypothesis. Despite these controversies, interest in the parasite has increased in recent years, as sig...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

Mirza

Teo

Upcroft

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Amebiazis akciğer, beyin ve dalakta metastatik lezyonlar oluşturabilir (1,2). Yenidoğan döneminde de karaciğer apsesi gelişen olgular bildirilmekle beraber (8), bu olguda herhangi bir barsak dışı komplikasyon saptanmadı.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Yaşamın ilk altı ayında sadece anne sütü ile beslenen bebeklerde amebiazis başta olmak üzere birçok enfeksiyon hastalığının sıklığı azalmaktadır (9). Anne sütünün E. histolytica'ya karşı koruyucu etkisi in vitro olarak gösterilmesine karşın E. histolytica kolitinden korumadığı saptanmıştır (8,10). Ancak, olgumuzda görüldüğü gibi anne sütünün dışında verilecek ek besinlerin enfeksiyon hastalıkları sıklığını arttıracağı görülmektedir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

A Case of Symptomatic Intestinal Amebiasis in Newborn

Deveci¹,

Hamanca²,

Üstün³

et al. 2011

J Pediatr Inf

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Amebiasis is the second cause leading to morbidity and mortality among parasitic disease Worldwide. Although amebic colitis is frequently seen among older infants, symptomatic infection is rarely seen in the neonate. An 18-day-newborn admitted to our polyclinic with vomiting and mucous-diarrhea was hospitalized with the suspicion of intestinal amebiasis. Amebic trophozoids and cysts were detected in the fecal examination. The serologic examination of feces showed the Entomobea histolytica antigens. Metronidazole was started at the dose of 50 mg/kg/ day orally. The patient recovered fully after this treatment. It should not be forgotten that amebiasis can develop in the newborn, even those who are breastfed, referring with vomiting and mucous-diarrhea from areas having poor hygienic and socioeconomic standards. In this paper, a case of symptomatic intestinal amebiasis, which is rarely seen among newborns, has been presented in order to draw attention to neonatal amebiasis.

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“…About 10% of infected individuals show clinical symptoms, which occur with invasive amoebiasis which though over 48 million people annually. Majority of symptomatic patients are presented with amoebic colitis while the rest manifested with extra-intestinal disease, most commonly as liver abscess [6]. The incidence and prevalence of amoebiasis vary in different part of the world [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Prevalence Rate of Entamoeba Histolytica Among Children Diagnosed With Acute Diarrhea in Kano, Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background: Diarrhea is a major contributor to childhood mortality and morbidity in the developing world. Objective: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica among children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Kura General Hospital Kano, from February to August 2017. Methodology: A total of 236 stools samples were collected from children within the age group of 0 – 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea attending the Hospital. The stool samples were examined for Entamoeba Histolytica cysts and trophozoites using direct wet preparation and Formol Ether concentration techniques. Results: The result showed that 23 samples which accounted for 9.75% of the samples were found to be positive for the parasite. Highest incidence of the parasite was found among children within the age category of 4 - 5 years. The results also indicated that males (56.5%) were more infected than females (43.5%). However, there is no statistical difference in the rate of infection among the sex and age group of the patients at p< 0.05. Conclusion: In conclusion, maintenance of personal hygiene and improved sanitation of the environment will indeed prevent contamination of food and water sources.

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Amebiasis in the newborn

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

A Case of Symptomatic Intestinal Amebiasis in Newborn

Determination of Prevalence Rate of Entamoeba Histolytica Among Children Diagnosed With Acute Diarrhea in Kano, Nigeria

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