Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern®

Wallace, David K.; Repka, Michael X.; Lee, Katherine A.; Melia, Michele; Christiansen, Stephen P.; Morse, Christie L.; Sprunger, Derek T.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.008

Cited by 165 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Participants in the EMM group had spherical equivalent refractive errors between þ0.75 and À0.50 diopter (D) and normal or corrected to normal visual acuity (no worse than 0.00 logMAR). Amblyopia was defined according to the Preferred Practice Patterns of the American Academy of Ophthalmology 31 with a best-corrected visual acuity in the amblyopic eye between 0.10 (logMAR) and 1.00 (logMAR) and 0.05 (logMAR) or a better vision in the fellow eye. The details of the AMB group are provided in the Table. Participants' refractive errors, if any, were fully corrected during data collection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

Tao

Gong

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Tao C, Wu Y, Gong L, et al. Abnormal monocular and dichoptic temporal synchrony in adults with amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:4858-4864. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.19-27893 PURPOSE. We investigate temporal synchrony within one eye and between both eyes in adults with amblyopia. (range, 19.88-27.81 years old; median, 22.86 years old) and 12 age-matched adults with normal vision (range, 21.2-50.30 years old; median, 23.78 years old) participated in the experiment. We showed two pairs of Gaussian blobs flickering at 1 Hz as visual stimuli, one pair with the same temporal phase modulation (i.e., the reference) and another pair with a distinct temporal phase (i.e., the signal). We employed the constant stimuli method to measure the minimum degree of temporal phase (temporal synchrony threshold), at which participants were able to discriminate the signal pair under binocular, monocular, and dichoptic viewing configurations. METHODS. Eight adult amblyopesRESULTS. The temporal synchrony threshold was different across the six configurations (P ¼ 0.001). There was also an interaction between the configuration and the group (P ¼ 0.004). The synchrony threshold was significantly higher in amblyopes than in controls under the configurations where two pairs of blobs were presented to the amblyopic eye (136.52 6 50.19 vs. 97.08 6 22.02 ms, P ¼ 0.027) and where the paired blobs were presented to different eyes (163.15 6 80.85 vs. 111.61 6 22.46 ms, P ¼ 0.049). The visual deficits in these two configurations were significantly correlated (r ¼ 0.824, P ¼ 0.012).CONCLUSIONS. The threshold for detecting temporal asynchrony increased when the stimuli were presented only to the amblyopic eye and when they were dichoptically presented to the amblyopic and fellow eyes.

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confidence: 99%

Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

Tao

Gong

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Amblyopia is characterized clinically by decreased visual acuity in the affected eye that cannot be entirely accounted for by refractive error or pathology. 1,2 Beyond the reduction in visual acuity, amblyopia also causes a broad range of visual deficits ranging from impairments in contrast sensitivity [3][4][5][6][7] to the global processing of motion and form. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] A number of these deficits also extend to the nonamblyopic fellow eye.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dichoptic Attentive Motion Tracking is Biased Toward the Nonamblyopic Eye in Strabismic Amblyopia

Chow

Giaschi

Thompson

2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Clinical details of patients before data collection are provided in Table 1. The definition of amblyopia for this study is conducted by PPP [American Academy of Ophthalmology, Preferred Practice Patterns (Christiansen et al, 2018)]: patients had an interocular acuity difference of 2 lines (0.2 logMAR) or more, with an obvious cause (anisometropia, accommodation, strabismus, or deprivation). After 2 months of refractive adaptation (i.e., optical treatment), observers were asked to wear an opaque patch for 4 h each day.…”

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confidence: 99%

Patching and Suppression in Amblyopia: One Mechanism or Two?

Chen

Mao

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Purpose: To determine if benefits from occlusion therapy are due to decreased suppression from the fellow eye in children with amblyopia.Methods: Ten newly diagnosed amblyopes (7.2 ± 1.4 years old), two with strabismus and eight with anisometropia, participated. Patients were first given a 2-month period of refractive adaptation, followed by occlusion therapy (i.e., patching their fellow eye with an opaque patch for 4 h/day). Visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and interocular suppression were measured before and after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of occlusion therapy. We quantified interocular suppression with a binocular phase combination task.Results: Visual acuity (in logMAR) improved from 0.50 ± 0.22 (mean ± SD) to 0.33 ± 0.20 for patients who finished a short-term (2 months) occlusion (A1-A10), from 0.53 ± 0.20 to 0.32 ± 0.22 for patients who finished a medium-term (4 months) occlusion (A1-A9), and from 0.48 ± 0.19 to 0.22 ± 0.10 for patients who finished a long-term (6 months) occlusion (A1-A8). Although their visual acuity significantly improved, their degree of suppression, which was abnormal in all cases, did not change consistently. This was true in all durations of occlusion therapy.Conclusion: Reduced suppression from the fixing eye might not be result from occlusion therapy.

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Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern®

Abstract: for Quality Eye Care without any external financial support. Authors and reviewers of the guidelines are volunteers and do not receive any financial compensation for their contributions to the documents. The guidelines are externally reviewed by experts and stakeholders before publication.

Cited by 165 publications

References 186 publications

Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

Abnormal Monocular and Dichoptic Temporal Synchrony in Adults with Amblyopia

Dichoptic Attentive Motion Tracking is Biased Toward the Nonamblyopic Eye in Strabismic Amblyopia

Patching and Suppression in Amblyopia: One Mechanism or Two?

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