Amblyomma marmoreum on Tortoises of Southern Province, Zambia

Ghirotti, M.; Mwanaumo, B.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-25.4.634

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Dipteran larvae have been noted on injured or abraded areas of tortoise shells (Woodbury and Hardy, 1948; Woodbury, 1952). Ixodid arachnids (ticks) and mites are perhaps the most common parasites on tortoises (Harbinson, 1937; Ghirotti and Mwanaumo, 1989; Fielden and Rechav, 1994; Grover and Defalco, 1995; Horak et al, 2006a, b). Although these parasites are most prevalent on soft tissue, they also occur on the shell, particularly at the site of an injury or at the sutures between scutes (Ryckman and Kohls, 1962; Coombs, 1973, 1974, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thought that the ticks bore through the epidermis and into the dermal bone, employing either a histolytic secretion or microorganism (fungal or bacteria) that attacks the shell at the site of the attachment wound (Mittermeier, 1971; Ernst and Ernst, 1977). Although Fairchild (1943) did not identify the ticks present, Ernst and Ernst (1977) noted that four species of the genus Ambylomma were involved, which is a common parasite on African tortoises (Ghirotti and Mwanaumo, 1989; Fielden and Rechav, 1994; Horak et al, 2006a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundant Karethraichnus lakkos on tortoise carapace and plastron bone indicates a moderately heavy parasite load on Moghra tortoises. All modern tortoise taxa host ticks, most commonly of the genus Amblyomma (e.g., Ghirotti and Mwanaumo, 1989; Waller et al, 1989; Fielden and Rechav, 1994; Grover and Defalco, 1995; Horak et al, 2006a, b), with no clear preference for environment noted. The occurrence of K. lakkos on Moghra tortoises provides evidence that tick parasitism on tortoises goes back to at least the beginning of the Neogene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectoparasite borings, mesoparasite borings, and scavenging traces in early Miocene turtle and tortoise shell: Moghra Formation, Wadi Moghra, Egypt

2021

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Borings and bite marks on fossil turtle carapaces and plastra from the Miocene Moghra Formation, northern Egypt, are herein described. All fossil turtle material from Moghra exhibits ichnofossils. The positions of invertebrate borings on external surfaces of tortoise and turtle shell material at Moghra are consistent with the activities of ectoparasites or mesoparasites. A single invertebrate ichnotaxon, Karethraichnus lakkos Zonneveld et al., 2016, occurs on Moghra tortoise fossils. This trace fossil was likely emplaced by ixodid arthropods (ticks). Bite marks assigned to Nihilichnus occur on a carapace peripheral and are interpreted to reflect postmortem scavenging. An abundant and moderately diverse assemblage of invertebrate borings characterizes Moghra aquatic turtle shells. Karethraichnus lakkos and Thatchtelithichnus holmani Zonneveld et al., 2016 traces on aquatic turtles are interpreted to reflect leech and/or trematode parasitism. Gunnellichnus moghraensis (new ichnogenus new ichnospecies) and G. akolouthiste (n. isp.) likely reflect bacterial and/or fungal infections on aquatic turtle shells that rarely dried out. UUID: http://zoobank.org/f0a3977d-deff-4954-b196-536adc405854

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectoparasite borings, mesoparasite borings, and scavenging traces in early Miocene turtle and tortoise shell: Moghra Formation, Wadi Moghra, Egypt

2021

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“…Amblyomma nuttalli is a tick of reptiles whose immature stages will feed on a wide variety of mammals and a few birds (table 2). The most common host appears to be Bell's Theiler & Salisbury (1959), Theiler (1962), Norval (1975Norval ( , 1983, Walker & Schulz (1984), Dower et al (1988), Ghirotti & Mwanaumo (1989), de Meneghi (1993), Fielden & Rechav (1994), Allan et al (1998), Horak & Boomker (1998), Wilson & Bram (1998), Barnard & Durden (2000), Burridge et al (2000a) A N Theiler & Salisbury (1959), Theiler (1962), Norval (1975Norval ( , 1983, Barnard & Durden (2000) Mammals Theiler & Salisbury (1959), MacLeod (1975), Horak & Knight (1986), Horak et al (1987b), Horak (1999) Horak & Knight (1986), Horak et al (1987bHorak et al ( , 1991c, Fivaz et al (1990) Horak et al (1982Horak et al ( , 1986bHorak et al ( , 1987b, Horak & Boomker (1998) Horak et al (1983), Fourie et al (1991) Theiler & Salisbury (1959), Horak & Knight (1986), Horak et al (1987bHorak et al ( , 1991d) Pelea capreolus (grey rhebok) N L Horak et al (1986bHorak et al ( , 1987b, Horak & Boomker (1998)…”

Section: Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles andtheir potential roles in dissemination of diseases

Burridge

2001

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The international trade in live reptiles has grown dramatically in the last decade. Since many of these reptiles are infested with ticks, the number of ticks introduced to new exotic locations has also increased. This is causing concern in importing countries such as the United States because some of the reptilian ticks are known to be vectors of diseases of veterinary and economic importance, such as heartwater. Rational measures to control these tick species and to eradicate new introductions have been slow to develop due in part to the scattered and often obscure sources of available data on the exotic ticks. This review is an attempt to collate information on the geographical distribution, host range, life cycle and associations with diseases for four Amblyomma species, A. marmoreum Koch, A. nuttalli Dönitz, A. sabanerae Stoll and A. sparsum Neumann, and for four Aponommaspecies, A. exornatum (Koch), A. flavomaculatum (Lucas), A. latum(Koch) and A. varanensis (Supino), that have recently been introduced into Florida, USA on imported reptiles.

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Attachment sites of the tick Amblyomma marmoreum on its tortoise host, Geochelone pardalis

Fielden

Rechav

1994

Exp Appl Acarol

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Fielden, L.J. and Rechav, Y.. 1994. Attachment sites of the tick Amblyomma marmoreum to its tortoise host Geochelone pardalis. Exp. Appl. Acarol.. i 8: 339-349.Leopard tortoises (n = 162) were collected over a period of 19 months at the National Zoological gardens, Pretoria, South Africa and the attachment sites of larvae, nymphs and adults ofA. mannoreum monitored. Most of the larvae (80%) and nymphs (87%) were found on the anterior parts of the tortoise while adults (90%) were found mainly on the posterior regions of the host body. The immature stages were predominant in soft skinned areas protected by the carapace especially the neck and upper leg areas. Male and female ticks were most commonly found on the posterior armpit. posterior legs and the areas surrounding the base of the tail. Interstadial competition as a major factor influencing attachment site segregation is doubtful. Anterior attachment site sclection of the immature stages is believed to result largely from ticks lying passively in wait and then climbing onto the host as it moves through the vegetation and the requirement for soft skinned and protected areas to allow for blood feeding. Adult females usually attach posteriorly in areas that allow them to fully engorge without being dislodged by mechanical disturbance, while males prefer to attach at sites where they are protected but still remain in close proximity to female pheromone signals.

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Amblyomma marmoreum on Tortoises of Southern Province, Zambia

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Ectoparasite borings, mesoparasite borings, and scavenging traces in early Miocene turtle and tortoise shell: Moghra Formation, Wadi Moghra, Egypt

Ectoparasite borings, mesoparasite borings, and scavenging traces in early Miocene turtle and tortoise shell: Moghra Formation, Wadi Moghra, Egypt

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) spread by the international trade in reptiles andtheir potential roles in dissemination of diseases

Attachment sites of the tick Amblyomma marmoreum on its tortoise host, Geochelone pardalis

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